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Biology > 3.Genetics > Flashcards

3.Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

How many daughter cells are produced in a meiotic cell division?

A

4

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2
Q

How many chromosomes do daughter produce in meiosis have compared to normal cells?

A

Half as many

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3
Q

Describe the daughter cells produced in meiosis

A

Genetically different haploid gametes

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4
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Double helix

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5
Q

What links the strands together in the DNA

A

Complementary base pairs

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6
Q

What holds the base pairs together in DNA

A

Weak hydrogen bonds

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7
Q

What is a genome?

A

The entire DNA of an organism

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8
Q

What is a gene

A

A section of DNA molecule

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9
Q

What do genes do?

A

Code for a specific protein

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10
Q

Why are there different in inherited characteristics?

A

Coz of alleles

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11
Q

What does chromosome mean?

A

A thread like structure found in the nucleus of souls. Each chromosome contains one enormously long DNA molecule packed with proteins

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12
Q

What does allele mean?

A

A different version of a gene

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13
Q

What does dominant mean?

A

An allele that will always affect phenotype

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14
Q

What does recessive mean?

A

An allele that will only affect a phenotype if the other allele present is also recessive

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15
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

One both alleles of a gene are different in an organism

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16
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

When both the alleles for a gene are different in an organism

17
Q

What does genotype mean?

A

The alleles for a certain characteristic that are found in a organism

18
Q

What does phenotype mean?

A

A characteristic that are produced by a certain set of alleles

19
Q

What does gamete mean?

A

A haploid cell produced by meiosis used for sexual reproduction

20
Q

What does zygote mean?

A

A fertilised egg cell

21
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Different characteristics as a result of mutation and asexual reproduction

22
Q

What is environmental variation?

A

Different characteristics caused by an organisms environment

23
Q

Why is there usually extensive genetic variation within a population of a species?

A

Mutations

Biology (12 decks)

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