3RD BIMEX Flashcards
(198 cards)
1
Q
The hepatocytes in this area are the first to undergo fatty accumulation and ischemic
necrosis:
zone I
zone III
zone II
A
zone III
2
Q
Abnormalities in Thyroid Functions
tiredness and decreased ability to concentrate
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
A
hypothyroidism
3
Q
Abnormalities in Thyroid Functions
nervousness & sweating
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
A
hyperthyroidism
4
Q
Abnormalities in Thyroid Functions
weight loss & heat intolerance
hypothyroidism
hyperthyroidism
A
hyperthyroidism
5
Q
Catecholamines are produced by these organs:
adrenal medulla central nervous system adrenal cortex 1st & 2nd choices only All of the above
A
1st & 2nd choices only
6
Q
These two organs in the body produce steroid hormones:
pituitary & adrenal glands
pancreas & kidneys
adrenal glands & gonads
pituitary & thyroid glands
A
adrenal glands & gonads
7
Q
This is the LEAST description of hepatic lobules
A. made up of hundreds of irregular hepatocyte plates
around 2 mm in size
B. the hepatocyte plates are supported by a delicate stroma of reticulin fibers
C. plates are arranged radially around a small central bile duct
A
C. plates are arranged radially around a small central bile duct
8
Q
These are the CORRECT directions of blood & bile flows:
A. Both blood & the bile flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.
B. Blood flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule, while the bile flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.
C. Bile flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule, while the blood flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.
D. Blood & bile flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule
A
B. Blood flows from the periphery to center of hepatic lobule, while the bile flow from the center of the lobule to its periphery.
9
Q
Most common stone in Cholelithiasis:
uric acid stone
cholesterol stones
brown or black pigment stones
A
cholesterol stones
10
Q
This is the only digestive organ lined by a mucosa, but without an existing submucosal layer:
gallbladder
pancreas
liver
A
gallbladder
11
Q
Gigantism & acromegaly are conditions that could result from a functional pituitary
adenomas involving these cells:
thyrotrophs
corticotrophs
somatotropic cells
gonadotrophs
A
somatotropic cells
12
Q
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
reduces sodium absorption by the kidney
Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin
A
Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
13
Q
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
stimulates secretion of gastric acid (HCl) by the parietal cells
Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin
A
Gastrin
14
Q
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
stimulate pancreas & cholangiocytes to secrete
bicarbonate
Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin
A
Secretin
15
Q
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
Atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP)
Gastrin
Somatostatin
Secretin
A
Somatostatin
16
Q
A 40y.o. female patient came in complaining of on & off feeling of head heaviness. At
times, she would have light-headedness & cold sweats, with cold clammy extremities.
Her BP on admission was 160/100, She was admitted and monitored every 6hours.
For the first 24hours, without any medications, her BP records show the following
findings: 120/80, 150/90, 80/50, 160/90. Give your clinical impression:
pituitary adenomas
pheochromocytoma
diabetes Insipidus
addison disease
A
pheochromocytoma
17
Q
This is a thickening of the liver capsule at the hilum on the inferior side.
portal vein
hepatic septum
porta hepatis
A
porta hepatis
18
Q
Effects of catecholamines EXCEPT:
dilatation of the pupils
lipolysis
hypoglycemia
increasing the blood pressure
A
hypoglycemia
19
Q
Thyroid Follicular Activity:
ACTIVE OR RESTING
large amount of acidophilic colloid
A
Resting Follicle
20
Q
Thyroid Follicular Activity:
ACTIVE OR RESTING
lined by squamous epithelium
A
Resting Follicle
21
Q
Thyroid Follicular Activity:
ACTIVE OR RESTING
Follicles are small with more microvilli
A
Active Follicle
22
Q
Thyroid Follicular Activity:
ACTIVE OR RESTING
Nucleus pale with scalloped colloid
A
Active Follicle
23
Q
This forms 75% of the adenohypophysis and has a thin fibrous capsule.
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis
pars nervosa
pars distalis
A
pars distalis
24
Q
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
increases intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate
Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone
A
Vit D3 & calcitriol
25
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
Stimulate thickening of endometrium, producing the
decidua
Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone
Progesterone
26
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
ripening of cervix & softening of pubic symphysis during labor
Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone
Relaxin
27
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System:
decrease maternal immune response to allow acceptance of pregnancy
Vit D3 & calcitriol
Relaxin
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
Progesterone
Human chorionicM gonadotropin (HCG)
28
Pancreatic cancer usually arises from these cells:
islets of Langerhans
pancreatic duct
pancreatic acini
pancreatic duct
29
Most of the Islets of Langerhans are located in this region:
pancreatic head
around pancreatic ducts
pancreatic tail
pancreatic tail
30
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
Found in perisinusoidal space
STELLATE
31
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
produce extracellular matrix (ECM) components
STELLATE
32
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
recognize and phagocytose aged erythrocytes
KUPFFER
33
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
also called Ito cells
STELLATE
34
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
contain lipid droplets that store fat-soluble vitamins
STELLATE
35
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
remove any bacteria or debris present in the portal blood
KUPFFER
36
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
become myofibroblasts after liver injury
STELLATE
37
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
antigen-presenting cells
KUPFFER
38
KUPFFER OR STELLATE
found within the sinusoidal lining
KUPFFER
39
Layers in the liver acinus with their functions:
hepatocytes have an intermediate range of metabolic functions
ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III
ZONE II
40
Layers in the liver acinus with their functions:
carry out functions requiring oxidative metabolism
ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III
ZONE I
41
Layers in the liver acinus with their functions:
preferential sites of glycolysis, lipid formation, and drug
biotransformations
ZONE I
ZONE II
ZONE III
ZONE III
42
Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:
more involved with detoxification and glycogen
metabolism
A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas
A. more central hepatocytes
43
Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:
involved in exocrine secretion of bile
A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
44
Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:
process blood nutrients and secrete the plasma
proteins
A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
45
Functions of Hepatocytes according to locations:
often more active in protein synthesis
A. more central hepatocytes
B. apical surfaces of hepatocytes
C. sinusoidal (basolateral) hepatocytes
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas
D. Hepatocytes near the portal areas
46
Characteristics of Adrenal cortex Cells EXCEPT:
tubular mitochondrial cristae
profuse smooth ER (SER)
spherical mitochondria
rich in glycogen droplets
rich in glycogen droplets
47
This is NOT a part of the adenohypophysis:
pars distalis
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars nervosa
pars nervosa
48
This is NOT TRUE regarding the blood supply of the liver:
25% comes from the hepatic artery
O2-poor blood from hepatic vein arising from stomach, intestines, and spleen
About 75% of the blood entering the liver is nutrient rich
O2-rich blood comes from hepatic artery
O2-poor blood from hepatic vein arising from stomach, intestines, and spleen
49
A perisinusoidal space that directly bathe the microvilli projecting from the
hepatocytes:
intercellular space
space of Disse
interlobular space
space of Disse
50
Abnormalities in Parathyroid Functions:
bones become more mineralized and denser
hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
51
Abnormalities in Parathyroid Functions:
striated muscles exhibit abnormal contractions
hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
52
Abnormalities in Parathyroid Functions:
blood calcium deposited pathologically in cartilage,
arteries, or kidneys
hyperparathyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
hyperparathyroidism
53
This layer occupies 65%-80% of the Adrenal cortex:
zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis
zona fasciculata
54
The initial duct cells in the pancreas extend into lumen of the acinus as small palestaining
centroacinar cells
intercalated cells
cholangiocytes
centroacinar cells
55
What lines the mucous membrane of the Biliary Tract?
simple columnar epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
simple squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium
56
This DOES NOT refer to Diabetes Insipidus:
```
frequent urination (polyuria)
excessive hunger (polyphagia)
increased thirst (polydipsia).
vasopressin deficiency
```
excessive hunger (polyphagia)
57
This is NOT among the physiologic and pharmacologic functions of Melatonin:
A. Anti-oxidant activity
B. Treatment of insomnia among Elderly people
C. Regulation of circadian rhythms axis
D. Treatment of jet lag
E. Increased level of melatonin is needed for the maturation of gonads
E. Increased level of melatonin is needed for the maturation of gonads
58
To move stored bile into the duodenum, contraction of the gallbladder muscularis is
induced by this substance released from entero endocrine cells of the small
intestine:
cholecystokinin
trypsin
hemosiderin
cholecystokinin
59
This is UNLIKELY to be a feature of Hepatic sinusoids:
A. converge on the lobule’s central vein
B. arterial blood passes thru sinusoids while portal venous blood into central vein
C. have thin, discontinuous linings of fenestrated endothelial cells
D. emerge from the peripheral branches of the portal vein and hepatic artery
B. arterial blood passes thru sinusoids while portal venous blood into central vein
60
Composition of the portal triad:
A venule branch of the portal vein
An arteriole branch of the hepatic artery
One or two small bile ductules of cuboidal epithelium
All
All
61
Describe the correct sequence of the pancreatic ductal system starting from the acini down to the duodenum by assigning letters from A-E
```
Main pancreatic duct
Intercalated ducts
Interlobular ducts
Centroacinar cells
Intralobular ducts
```
```
CENTROacinar cells
INTERCALATED ducts
INTRALOBULAR ducts
INTERLOBULAR ducts
Main pancreatic duct
```
```
Main pancreatic duct-E
Intercalated ducts-B
Interlobular ducts-D
Centroacinar cells-A
Intralobular ducts-C
```
62
Trace the bile flow starting from its production down to its secretion by assigning letters from A to F
```
common bile duct
bile canaliculi
common hepatic duct
canals of Hering
right & left hepatic ducts
bile ductules
```
```
bile canaliculi
canals of Hering
bile ductules
right & left hepatic ducts
common hepatic duct
common bile duct
```
```
common bile duct -F
bile canaliculi-A
common hepatic duct-E
canals of Hering-B
right & left hepatic ducts-D
bile ductules-C
```
63
This is a hydrophilic hormone with receptors on the surface of target cells:
peptides
thyroid hormone
steroid
peptides
64
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System
induces gall bladder contraction
A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin
65
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System
regulation of blood pressure & water balance
A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
B. Renin
66
Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System
promotes the formation of red blood cells by the bone marrow
A. Cholecystokinin /pancreozymin
B. Renin
C. Erythropoietin
D. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
C. Erythropoietin
67
The Pineal gland is also called___.
adenohypophysis
neurohypophysis
epiphysis cerebri
Other:
epiphysis cerebri
68
Cells of the Diffuse NeuroEndocrine System that are stained by solutions of chromium salts are called:
Enterochromaffin cells
argentaffin cells
Chromogranin cells
Enterochromaffin cells
69
Diabetes Mellitus:
loss of the β cells from autoimmune destruction
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 1
70
Diabetes Mellitus:
insulin-dependent (IDDM)
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 1
71
Diabetes Mellitus:
non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
Type 2 diabetes
72
Diabetes Mellitus:
juvenile onset
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 1
73
Diabetes Mellitus:
β cells fail to produce adequate insulin
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 2
74
Diabetes Mellitus:
adult onset
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
TYPE 2
75
The exocrine pancreas secretes approximately ____L of alkaline pancreatic juice per day.
5.1L
1.5L
15L
1.5L
76
The incomplete obliteration of Rathke’s pouch can lead to remnants that form ____.
cleft cysts
Rathke’s cleft palate
Rathke’s hypophysis
cleft cysts
77
This statement is INCORRECT regarding calcitonin:
secretion is triggered by low blood Ca2+ levels
it inhibits osteoclast activity
secreted by C cells
secretion is triggered by low blood Ca2+ levels
78
In this type of secretion, the hormones act on the producing cells themselves or on cells of the same type:
paracrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion
autocrine secretion
autocrine secretion
79
Short Distance Target Cells
Gastrin made by pyloric G cells
paracrine secretion
autocrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion
paracrine secretion
80
Short Distance Target Cells
insulin-like growth factor
paracrine secretion
autocrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion
autocrine secretion
81
iShort Distance Target Cells
embryonic and regenerative tissue interactions
paracrine secretion
autocrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion
juxtacrine secretion
82
This DOES NOT refer to the pancreas:
A. elongated intraperitoneal organ
B. a mixed exocrine-endocrine gland
C. lobulated parenchyma
D. produces both digestive enzymes and hormones
A. elongated intraperitoneal organ
83
Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes
oxidation of excess fatty acids
A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN
A. PEROXISOMES
84
Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes
biotransformation or detoxification of substances
A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN
B. SMOOTH ER
85
Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes
conjugation of bilirubin to glucuronate
A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN
B. SMOOTH ER
86
Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes
synthesis of plasma proteins
A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN
C. ROUGH ER
87
Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes
conversion of excess purines to uric acid
A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN
A. PEROXISOMES
88
Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes
mediate temporary storage of iron
A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN
D. FERRITIN
89
Structure & Function in the Hepatocyes
catalase-mediated breakdown of the hydrogen peroxide
A. PEROXISOMES
B. SMOOTH ER
C. ROUGH ER
D. FERRITIN
A. PEROXISOMES
90
These are the characteristics of Hepatocytes EXCEPT:
A. large cuboidal or polyhedral epithelial cells
B. large, round central nuclei and frequently binucleated
eosinophilic cytoplasm rich in mitochondria
C. 50% of them are polyploid, with two to eight times the normal chromosome number
D. None
D. None
91
The pancreas resembles the parotid gland histologically in the following:
serous acini
striated ducts
islets of endocrine tissue
serous acini
92
This statement is INCORRECT regarding the pituitary gland:
A. oral component arises as an outpocketing of ectoderm
B. neural component is the neurohypophyseal bud from future diencephalon as a stalk
C. also called hypophysis
D. it lies in a small cavity on the occipital bone the sella turcica
D. it lies in a small cavity on the occipital bone the sella turcica
93
Most of its cell composition are gonadotrophs:
pars distalis
pars nervosa
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars tuberalis
94
Embryogenesis of adrenals:
A. The cortex arises from mesoderm & the medulla from the neural crest.
B. The cortex arises from endoderm & the medulla from the neural crest.
C. The cortex arises from ectoderm & the medulla from the endoderm.
D. The cortex arises from neural crest & the medulla from the mesoderm.
A. The cortex arises from mesoderm & the medulla from the neural crest.
95
Pancreatic digestive enzymes include the following EXCEPT:
```
proteases
nucleases
α-amylase
oxidases
lipases
```
oxidases
96
Pancreatic cancer usually occurs most often in this part of the organ:
body
tail
head
head
97
Synthesis of Peptide Hormones
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
A. supraoptic nuclei
B. paraventricular nuclei
A. supraoptic nuclei
98
Synthesis of Peptide Hormones
Oxytocin
A. supraoptic nuclei
B. paraventricular nuclei
B. paraventricular nuclei
99
A taste bud has 50 to 100 cells, about half of which are elongated ______.
striated smooth muscle cells
skeletal muscle cells
gustatory cells
myoepithelial cells
gustatory cells
100
This is NOT correct regarding the roles of surfactant proteins produced by alveolar cells:
SP-C = important for continuous clearing and replacement of new surfactant
SP-A= an abundant hydrophilic glycoprotein
SP-D = important for innate immune protection within alveoli
SP-B = hydrophobic membrane proteins required for proper orientation of
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
SP-C = important for continuous clearing and replacement of new surfactant
101
The carotid artery and descending aorta are examples of which type of arteries?
small arteries
elastic artery
muscular artery
metarteriole
elastic artery
102
This connective layer of the heart is in contact with the cardiac muscle and contains
small coronary blood vessels, nerves and Purkinje fibers.
subendocardial layer
myocardium
endothelial layer
pericardial sac
subendocardial layer
103
This region of the heart has the thinnest myocardial wall due to the low pressure within its chamber.
right ventricle
right atria
left atria
left ventricle
right atria
104
Activity is important for moving secretory products into and through the ducts.
serous cells
myoepithelial cells
water
mucous cells
myoepithelial cells
105
Cause poor cell staining in routine preparations.
water
serous cells
mucous cells
myoepithelial cells
mucous cells
106
This blood vessel has a few pericytes, absent tunica adventitia and the site for oxygen diffusion.
arterioles
venules
metarteriole
capillary
capillary
107
Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
2. cartilage plates
3. smooth muscle layer
4. cuboidal epithelial cells
5. squamous epithelial cells
Bronchi
1, 2 & 3
108
Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:
alveolar ducts
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
2. cartilage plates
3. smooth muscle layer
4. cuboidal epithelial cells
5. squamous epithelial cells
4 & 5
109
Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:
terminal bronchioles
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
2. cartilage plates
3. smooth muscle layer
4. cuboidal epithelial cells
5. squamous epithelial cells
1, 3, & 4
110
Distinguishing Features of Bronchial Tree:
respiratory bronchioles
1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial cells
2. cartilage plates
3. smooth muscle layer
4. cuboidal epithelial cells
5. squamous epithelial cells
3 & 4
111
Dentin is a calcified tissue harder than bone and composed of ___________.
calcium carbonate
80% calcium pyrophosphate
calcium oxalate
70% Ca hydroxyapatite
70% Ca hydroxyapatite
112
The most common radiation induced neoplasm of the salivary gland is _____.
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
pleomorphic adenoma
adenoid cystic carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
113
Not true of tongue
A. lower surface of the tongue is smooth, with typical lining mucosa
B. have V-shaped groove called the sulcus vaginalis
C. striated muscle covered by mucosa
D. hundreds of small protruding papillae of various types on its anterior two-thirds
B. have V-shaped groove called the sulcus vaginalis
114
Smallest of the major glands, are also considered branched tubuloacinar glands
submandibular gland
salivary ducts
parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Sublingual gland
115
Serves as periosteum of alveolar bone
root canal
alveolar septa
alveolar canal
periodontal ligament
periodontal ligament
116
Seromucous secretion
```
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
parotid gland
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
```
1st & 2nd choices only
117
The narrow opening between the adducted vocal folds
singer’s nodule
epiglottis
rima glottidis
vocal ligament
rima glottidis
118
his component of the thin interalveolar septa prevent both collapse and excessive
distention of alveoli:
elastic and reticular fibers
fibroblasts
extracellular matrix
elastic and reticular fibers
119
Surrounds an internal pulp cavity .
enamel
fluoride
dentin
cementum
dentin
120
Alveolar Lining Cells
cuboidal cells that bulge into the air space
Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes
121
Alveolar Lining Cells
where alveolar walls unite
Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytesLocated
Type II pneumocytes
122
Alveolar Lining Cells
extremely attenuated thin cells
Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes
Type I pneumocytes
123
Alveolar Lining Cells
located at the alveolar side of the blood-air bar
Type I pneumocytes
Type II pneumocytes
Type I pneumocytes
124
This cardiac layer consists mainly of typically contractile cardiac muscle fibers arranged spirally around each heart chamber. It is often found thinnest in the right atria due to the
relatively low pressure in that area.
MYOCARDIUM
EPICARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
MYOCARDIUM
125
Not true of each tooth
A. each crown is covered by cementum
B. one or more roots that fit firmly into bony sockets in the jaws called dental alveoli
C. Each tooth has a crown exposed above the gingiva constricted neck at the gum
A. each crown is covered by cementum
126
True of enamel and cementum
```
both are coverings
meet at neck of tooth
both are found at core of tooth
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
```
1st & 2nd choices only
127
The following statements refer to the bronchial tree EXCEPT:
A. larger bronchioles form two to three terminal bronchioles
B. lobar bronchi divide forming tertiary bronchi
C. primary bronchi gives rise to three secondary bronchi in the right lung and two in the left lung
D. trachea divides into two primary bronchi that enter each lung at the hilum
A. larger bronchioles form two to three terminal bronchioles
128
Is highly vascular and well innervated and consists largely of loose, mesenchymal connective tissue
dental pulp
root canal
neck
root
dental pulp
129
Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:
synthesize thin film of surfactant along alveolar surface
Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara
Type 2
130
Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:
secretes mucin to humidify air in respiratory tract
Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara
Goblet
131
Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:
produce fluid surrounding olfactory cilia
Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara
Bowman
132
Secretions in the Respiratory Tract:
Secretion of surfactant lipoproteins and mucins in the bronchial surface
Goblet
Type 2
Bowman
Clara
Clara
133
Comprises the structures responsible for maintaining the teeth in the maxillary and mandibular bones
oral survey
mandibular survey
dental ligament
peridontium
peridontium
134
Odontoblast are derived from _____.
cranial neural nest
oral epithelial cells
bony islands
bony pyramids
cranial neural nest
135
This external tunic of the heart that is the site of the coronary vessels and contains considerable adipose tissues.
subendothelial layer
endocardium
epicardium
myocardium
epicardium
136
Which type of capillary is often seen in the kidneys, intestines and choroid plexus?
continuous capillaries
discontinuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
137
True of enamel except
A. 4% collagen
B. hardest component of the human body,
C. only 2% to 3% organic material including very few proteins
D. consisting of 96% calcium hydroxyapatite
4% collagen
138
This is the layer makes up the visceral pericardial layer of the pericardial sac
epicardium
subendothelial layer
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium
139
Not true of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland:
more common in males
commonly affects parotid gland
most common benign
painless
more common in males
140
Which type of capillary is often seen in the liver and red pulp of the spleen?
discontinuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
continuous capillaries
discontinuous capillaries
141
Functions of saliva
```
Chemical digestion
Helps chewing and swallowing
Lubricating effect.
Dissolves food and allows the tongue to taste food
1st & 4th choices only
all of the above
```
all of the above
142
Ducts of several small, serous salivary (von Ebner) glands empty into the deep,
moatlike groove.
circumvallate papillae
fungiform papillae
foliate papillae
filiform papillae
circumvallate papillae
143
Total number of paranasal sinuses in humans:
6
4
10
8
8
144
Anxiety usually causes ________.
semi dry mouth
mucoid mouth
dry mouth
serous mouth
dry mouth
145
Discontinuous capillaries are also known as :
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoidal capillaries
continuous capillaries
sinusoidal capillaries
146
The axons of the Olfactory neurons within the olfactory epithelium leave the epithelium and unite to form this
```
cranial nerve V
cranial nerve:
cranial nerve VI
cranial nerve III
cranial nerve I
```
cranial nerve I
147
Are found inside the basal lamina surrounding acini, tubules, and the proximal ends of the duct system.
myoepithelial cells
serous cells
water
mucous cells
myoepithelial cells
148
Not true of teeth in adult
each quadrant has 2 canines
twenty of the permanent teeth are preceded by primary teeth
each quadrant has eight teeth
normally 32 permanent teeth.
each quadrant has 2 canines
149
The vasa-vasorum of large elastic arteries are located in which layer of the blood
vessel?
tunica intima
tunica adventitia
tunica media
internal elastic lamina
tunica adventitia
150
The inherited genetic disorder Kartagener syndrome involves the following conditions EXCEPT:
bronchitis
primary ciliary dyskinesia
anosmia
chronic sinusitis
anosmia
151
watery secretion
```
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
parotid gland
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
```
parotid gland
152
This type of blood vessel distributes blood to all organs and maintain steady blood pressure and flow with vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
CAPILLARY
MUSCULAR ARTERY
MEDIUM VEIN
venules
MUSCULAR ARTERY
153
Pleural Membranes:
membrane attached to lung tissue
Visceral Pleura
Parietal Pleura
Visceral Pleura
154
Pleural Membranes:
membrane lining the thoracic walls
Visceral Pleura
Parietal Pleura
Parietal Pleura
155
This structure is found in the region of the interventricular septum and further divides in
the right and left bundle branches.
bundle of HIs
Sino-atrial node
intercalated disks
Purkinjie fibers
bundle of HIs
156
This DOES NOT participate in the blood-air barrier mechanism:
A. thin capillary endothelial cells
B. fused basal laminae of alveolar cells and endothelial cells of capillaries
C. two or three highly attenuated thin alveolar cells
D. thickness of alveolar ducts
thickness of alveolar ducts
157
Testing of amylase in pancreatitis can be affected by diseases of salivary glands
true
partly true but not most of the time
rarely not done
false
true
158
The true lining epithelium of the Epiglottis:
A. lingual surface has ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, while laryngeal
surface is lined by stratified squamous epithelium
B. lingual surface has stratified squamous epithelium, while laryngeal surface is lined by
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
C. lingual and laryngeal surface are both lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
D. lingual and laryngeal surface are both lined by stratified squamous epithelium
B. lingual surface has stratified squamous epithelium, while laryngeal surface is lined by
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
159
The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The epicardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?
```
tunica intima
tunica intima
tunica adventitia
tunica media
none of the abovetunica media
none of the above
```
tunica adventitia
160
Cough Treatments:
productive coughs
expectorant
cough suppressants
expectorant
161
Cough Treatments:
persistent dry cough without mucus
expectorant
cough suppressants
cough suppressants
162
This cardiac layer consists of the lining endothelium, its supporting layer of fibroelastic connective tissue with scattered fibers of smooth muscle, and a deeper layer of connective tissue (often called the subendocardial layer) surrounding variable numbers of modified cardiac muscle fibers which comprise the heart’s impulse conducting system.
MYOCARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
EPICARDIUM
ENDOCARDIUM
163
Which is FALSE regarding the pores of Kohn
A. other name for fenestrations of alveolar capillaries
B. connect neighboring alveoli that open to different bronchioles
C. penetrate the interalveolar septa
D. permit collateral circulation of air if a bronchiole becomes obstructed
other name for fenestrations of alveolar capillaries
164
These vessels are approximately >10mm in diameter with >5 layers of smooth muscles and much collagen. Its tunica adventitia is the thickest layer with interspersing longitudinal bundled smooth muscles.
small veins
venules
medium veins
large veins
large veins
165
This statement is NOT TRUE regarding the trachea:
A. fibroelastic tissue attach muscle to the perichondrium
B. cartilage rings open against the esophagus
C. opening of cartilage is bridged by trachealis muscle
D. dozen rounded rings of hyaline cartilage
D. dozen rounded rings of hyaline cartilage
166
The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The epicardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?
tunica intima
tunica media
none of the above
tunica adventitia
tunica adventitia
167
This layer of the heart is the thickest layer of the heart and makes up the bulk of the
heart.
subendothelial layer
epicardium
endocardium
myocardium
myocardium
168
The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The endocardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?
tunica adventitia
none of the above
tunica media
tunica intima
tunica intima
169
The walls of the heart have 3 basic layers corresponding to the layers of the blood
vessels. The myocardium corresponds to which layer of the blood vessel?
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica adventitia
none of the above
tunica media
170
Ducts from each lobule converge and drain into interlobular excretory ducts with increasing size and thicker connective tissue layers. The lining of these ducts is/are:
Simple cuboidal
can be any of the above or mixed
Stratified cuboidal
Columnar
can be any of the above or mixed
171
This is a blood vessel is only 100-10 um in diameter but it is a major determinant of
systemic blood pressure. It only possesses 1-3 layers of smooth muscle and a very thin connective tissue layer in its tunica adventitia
capillary
arteriole
muscular artery
venule
arteriole
172
Consisting of epidermal and dermal layers, sweat glands, and many hair follicles with
sebaceous glands
outer layer of lip
inner layer of tongue
oropharynx
inner layer of lip
outer layer of lip
173
Consist of several parallel ridges on each side of the tongue.
circumvallate papillae
foliate papillae
fungiform papillae
filiform papillae
foliate papillae
174
Mushroom-shaped
foliate papillae
filiform papillae
fungiform papillae
circumvallate papillae
fungiform papillae
175
This cleans and humidifies inspired air and provides conduits for air movement to and from alveoli.
alveolar ducts
respiratory bronchioles
alveoli
terminal bronchioles
terminal bronchioles
176
This is the layer that surrounds the heart. It is a layer that contains connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and adipocytes
subendothelial layer
myocardium
endocardium
epicardium
epicardium
177
This structure is found in the region of the right atria and known as the "Pacemaker of
the Heart":
Sino-atrial node
bundle of HIs
intercalated disks
Purkinjie fibers
Sino-atrial node
178
Cystic mass in 3rd molar with unerupted tooth seen in xray
```
odontogenic cyst
dentigerous cyst
adamantinoma
1st & 2nd choices only
All of the above
```
1st & 2nd choices only
179
These cells of the Respiratory epithelium are part of the diffuse neuroendocrine system
(DNES) of the body:
```
Basal cells
Ciliated columnar cells
Brush cells
Kulchitsky cells
Goblet cells
```
Kulchitsky cells
180
Teeth roots are by a bone-like tissue called _______.
enamel
fluoride
cementum
dentin
cementum
181
Most common cancer of oral cavity
basal cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
sun induced melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
182
Where is the specialized Olfactory epithelium located?
```
roof of nasal cavities
inferior conchae
middle conchae
superior conchae
1ST & 4TH choices only
2nd & 3rd choices only
All of the above
```
1ST & 4TH choices only
183
An acinus is usually composed of _____.
A. Cells containing apical granules with hydrophilic mucins that provide lubricating properties in saliva but cause poor cell staining in routine preparations.
B. Small, flattened cells extend several contractile processes around the associated secretory unit or duct and their activity is important for moving secretory products into
and through the ducts.
C. Polarized protein-secreting cells, Usually pyramidal in shape, with round nuclei, wellstained RER, and apical secretory granules
D. Somewhat more columnar in shape, with more compressed basal.
C. Polarized protein-secreting cells, Usually pyramidal in shape, with round nuclei, wellstained RER, and apical secretory granules
184
This layer of the artery is the middle layer and consists chiefly of concentric layers of helically arranged smooth muscle cells
tunica intima
tunica media
none of the above
tunica adventitia
tunica media
185
Which type of capillary have complete, uninterrupted basal lamina and endothelial cell barriers; often seen in muscles and connective tissues?
discontinuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
continuous capillaries
continuous capillaries
186
These are large, modified cardiac muscle cells, which are part of the heart conducting system. They are terminal branches of the AV bundle branches located in
subendocardial connective tissue
Sino-atrial node
intercalated disks
bundle of HIs
Purkinjie fibers
Purkinjie fibers
187
This layer of the artery is the innermost layer consists of the endothelium and a thin
subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue sometimes containing smooth muscle
fibers. In arteries, this layer includes a thin layer, the internal elastic lamina, composed of elastin, with holes allowing better diffusion of substances from blood deeper into the
wall.
tunica adventitia
none of the above
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica intima
188
The oral cavity Is lined with stratified squamous epithelium, which may be ______.
keratinized
partially keratinized
non keratinized
all of the above
all of the above
189
The part of the heart has the thickest myocardial wall.
left atria
left ventricle
right auricle
right ventricle
left ventricle
190
Lifespan of taste cells
1 month
1 year
7 days
120 days
7 days
191
Are elevations of the mucous membrane that assume various forms and functions.
papillary vermilion layer
lingual papilla.
oral sinus
malphigian layer
lingual papilla.
192
Smell or taste of food, provokes a copious watery secretion with relatively little organic content.
```
Parasympathetic stimulation
Sympathetic stimulation
Autocrine secretion
1st & 3rd choices only
All of the above
```
Parasympathetic stimulation
193
True of the ductal system in saliva
A. striated ducts secrete sodium ions via transcytosis
B. secretion is slightly hypotonic in intercalated ducts
C. folded cell membranes of intercalated ducts present a large surface area with ion
transporters
D. none of the above
A. striated ducts secrete sodium ions via transcytosis
194
This is a blood vessel that conducts blood from the heart and with elastic recoil help move blood forward under steady pressure. Its outer diameter is >10mm and its tunica media contains many elastic lamellae interspersed with smooth muscle.
elastic artery
capillary
muscular artery
metarterioles
elastic artery
195
True of lips except
A. well-developed core of skeletal muscle
B. lips have three differently covered surfaces
C. red vermelion is thin keratinized
D. highly mobile
well-developed core of skeletal muscle
196
Not consistent with filiform papillae
A. well-vascularized and innervated cores of lamina propria
B. Elongated conical shape
C. Gray or whitish appearance.
D. Heavily keratinized
well-vascularized and innervated cores of lamina propria
197
It is the vasculature/ blood vessel with a thicker tunica adventitia than its tunica media.
artery
capillary
lymphatic vessel
vein
vein
198
Most common malignant tumor in salivary glands
adenoid cystic carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
pleomorphic adenoma ex carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
mucoepidermoid carcinoma
