3rd Nine Weeks Review

Question 1

Naturalist that came up with the Theory of Natural Selection

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

The process of humans breeding organisms for certain traits

Answer 2

Artificial Selection

Question 3

Differences between members of a population

Answer 3

Variation

Question 4

The theory that the environment selects which organisms are the most fit

Answer 4

Natural Selection

Question 5

Structures that suggest a common ancestor

Answer 5

Homologous Structures

Question 6

Structures that no longer have a function in organisms

Answer 6

Vestigial Structures

Question 7

The movement of alleles from one population to another

Answer 7

Gene Flow

Question 8

takes place when most of the population dies and then the species rebounds from the limited gene pool (Buffalo)

Answer 8

Bottleneck Effect

Question 9

Takes place when a few members of a population become isolated from the rest of the population

Answer 9

Founder Effect

Question 10

Takes place when two closely related species become increasingly different over time

Answer 10

Divergent Evolution

Question 11

Takes place when unrelated species in similar environments develop similar traits

Answer 11

Convergent Evolution

Question 12

An inherited Trait that provides a selective advantage

Answer 12

Adaptation

Question 13

What did scientists learn from studying Australopithecus’s fossils?

Answer 13

Brain cavity size increases before large brains

Question 14

What trend is seen Hominid evolution over time?

Answer 14

Brain cavity size increases

Question 15

What separates modern Homo sapiens from or most recent predecessor?

Answer 15

Culture

Question 16

Which Homo group coexisted with modern Homo sapiens?

Answer 16

Neanderthals

Question 17

Which Homo group are Homo sapiens most closely related to?

Answer 17

Homo Ergaster

Question 18

Which term means to walk on two feet?

Answer 18

Bipedalism

Question 19

The science of naming and classifying organisms (communicable regardless of language)

Answer 19

Taxonomy

Question 20

The two-part naming system used the Genus species format

Answer 20

Binomial Nomenclature (Genus is capitalized and italicized, species is lowercase and italicized as well)

Question 21

The Domain containing the most abundant group of organisms on Earth

Answer 21

Bacteria

Question 22

The Domain containing organisms that live in extreme environments

Answer 22

Archaeabacteria

Question 23

The Domain containing organisms with a nucleus and organelles

Answer 23

Eukarya

Question 24

Used to analyze evolutionary relationships among organisms

Answer 24

Cladistics

Question 25

Heterotrophs, cell wall made of chitin

Answer 25

Fungi

Question 26

Autotrophs, cell wall made of cellulose, contains chloroplast

Answer 26

Plants

Question 27

The first name in binomial nomenclature that is capitalized

Answer 27

Genus

Question 28

The most basic/specific unit in Linnaean classification system

Answer 28

species

Question 29

Exact copy of an organism

Answer 29

Clone

Question 30

Enzymes used to cut DNA apart; similar to molecular scissors

Answer 30

Restriction Enzymes

Question 31

A type of restriction map used to identify a person

Answer 31

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 32

Closed loops of DNA in some bacteria cells

Answer 32

Plasmids

Question 33

The process of changing an organisms genes

Answer 33

Genetic Engineering

Question 34

A tool used to separate DNA segments according to their size

Answer 34

Gel Electrophoresis

Question 35

A concern scientists have about genetic engineered crops

Answer 35

Loss of Diversity

Question 36

Organisms that have foreign DNA in their genome

Answer 36

Transgenic (Spiderman!)

Question 37

A way genetic engineering has helped people with Diabetes

Answer 37

Making Human Insulin

Question 38

Process of repairing a defective gene with a vector/virus

Answer 38

Gene Therapy

Question 39

Technique used to replicate several copies of a section of DNA

Answer 39

Pelimerase Chain Reaction

Question 40

Estimated age of the Earth

Answer 40

4.5 billion years old

Question 41

Photosynthetic prokaryotes believed to create oxygen in the atmosphere

Answer 41

Cyanobacteria (Cyan = blue/green = sky)

Question 42

Believed by scientist to be the original carrier of genetic information

Answer 42

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

Question 43

Experiment that created amino acids/organic molecules from inorganic molecules

Answer 43

Miller-Urey Experiment

Question 44

Experiment that showed life doesn't spontaneously generate but rather comes from life (curved flask)

Answer 44

Pasteur's Experiment

Question 45

Experiment that showed maggots come from flies; helping to prove biogenesis

Answer 45

Redi Experiment

Question 46

Theory that magical ethers in the air enter an object causing it to become alive

Answer 46

Spontaneous Generation

Question 47

Theory that living organisms produce other living organisms (life comes from life)

Answer 47

Biogenisis

Question 48

The estimated age of the oldest fossils

Answer 48

3.8 billion years old

Question 49

One organism living inside of another (mitochondria and chloroplast existing within a plant cell)

Answer 49

Endosymbiosis

Question 50

The time period that shows a giant meteorite hit Earth

Answer 50

K-T Boundary

Question 51

Plants the produce seeds in cones

Answer 51

Gymnosperm

Question 52

Vascular tissue in plants that transports water (Mr. Griffith's musical instrument)

Answer 52

Xylem

Question 53

Evaporation of water from a leaf

Answer 53

Transpiration

Question 54

Plants that produce seeds in fruit

Answer 54

Angiosperm

Question 55

Vascular tissue in plants that transports sugars (food)

Answer 55

Phloem

Question 56

Absorbs minerals, anchors plant to the ground, and stores food

Answer 56

Roots

Question 57

Waxy covering on leaf to prevent water loss

Answer 57

Cuticle

Question 58

Contains the plant embryo protects and nourishes the baby plant

Answer 58

Seed

Question 59

Plant's cell that open and closes the stomata

Answer 59

Guard Cells

Question 60

Flower Part that produces the pollen

Answer 60

Anther

Question 61

Flower's male parts

Answer 61

Stamen

Question 62

The part of the flower that produces the eggs

Answer 62

Ovary

Question 63

Flower's female parts

Answer 63

Pistil