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Biology > 3rd Nine Weeks Review > Flashcards

3rd Nine Weeks Review Flashcards

1
Q

Naturalist that came up with the Theory of Natural Selection

A

Charles Darwin

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2
Q

The process of humans breeding organisms for certain traits

A

Artificial Selection

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3
Q

Differences between members of a population

A

Variation

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4
Q

The theory that the environment selects which organisms are the most fit

A

Natural Selection

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5
Q

Structures that suggest a common ancestor

A

Homologous Structures

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6
Q

Structures that no longer have a function in organisms

A

Vestigial Structures

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7
Q

The movement of alleles from one population to another

A

Gene Flow

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8
Q

takes place when most of the population dies and then the species rebounds from the limited gene pool (Buffalo)

A

Bottleneck Effect

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9
Q

Takes place when a few members of a population become isolated from the rest of the population

A

Founder Effect

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10
Q

Takes place when two closely related species become increasingly different over time

A

Divergent Evolution

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11
Q

Takes place when unrelated species in similar environments develop similar traits

A

Convergent Evolution

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12
Q

An inherited Trait that provides a selective advantage

A

Adaptation

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13
Q

What did scientists learn from studying Australopithecus’s fossils?

A

Brain cavity size increases before large brains

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14
Q

What trend is seen Hominid evolution over time?

A

Brain cavity size increases

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15
Q

What separates modern Homo sapiens from or most recent predecessor?

A

Culture

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16
Q

Which Homo group coexisted with modern Homo sapiens?

A

Neanderthals

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17
Q

Which Homo group are Homo sapiens most closely related to?

A

Homo Ergaster

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18
Q

Which term means to walk on two feet?

A

Bipedalism

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19
Q

The science of naming and classifying organisms (communicable regardless of language)

A

Taxonomy

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20
Q

The two-part naming system used the Genus species format

A

Binomial Nomenclature (Genus is capitalized and italicized, species is lowercase and italicized as well)

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21
Q

The Domain containing the most abundant group of organisms on Earth

A

Bacteria

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22
Q

The Domain containing organisms that live in extreme environments

A

Archaeabacteria

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23
Q

The Domain containing organisms with a nucleus and organelles

A

Eukarya

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24
Q

Used to analyze evolutionary relationships among organisms

A

Cladistics

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25
Q

Heterotrophs, cell wall made of chitin

A

Fungi

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26
Q

Autotrophs, cell wall made of cellulose, contains chloroplast

A

Plants

27
Q

The first name in binomial nomenclature that is capitalized

A

Genus

28
Q

The most basic/specific unit in Linnaean classification system

A

species

29
Q

Exact copy of an organism

A

Clone

30
Q

Enzymes used to cut DNA apart; similar to molecular scissors

A

Restriction Enzymes

31
Q

A type of restriction map used to identify a person

A

DNA Fingerprinting

32
Q

Closed loops of DNA in some bacteria cells

A

Plasmids

33
Q

The process of changing an organisms genes

A

Genetic Engineering

34
Q

A tool used to separate DNA segments according to their size

A

Gel Electrophoresis

35
Q

A concern scientists have about genetic engineered crops

A

Loss of Diversity

36
Q

Organisms that have foreign DNA in their genome

A

Transgenic (Spiderman!)

37
Q

A way genetic engineering has helped people with Diabetes

A

Making Human Insulin

38
Q

Process of repairing a defective gene with a vector/virus

A

Gene Therapy

39
Q

Technique used to replicate several copies of a section of DNA

A

Pelimerase
Chain
Reaction

40
Q

Estimated age of the Earth

A

4.5 billion years old

41
Q

Photosynthetic prokaryotes believed to create oxygen in the atmosphere

A

Cyanobacteria (Cyan = blue/green = sky)

42
Q

Believed by scientist to be the original carrier of genetic information

A

RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

43
Q

Experiment that created amino acids/organic molecules from inorganic molecules

A

Miller-Urey Experiment

44
Q

Experiment that showed life doesn’t spontaneously generate but rather comes from life (curved flask)

A

Pasteur’s Experiment

45
Q

Experiment that showed maggots come from flies; helping to prove biogenesis

A

Redi Experiment

46
Q

Theory that magical ethers in the air enter an object causing it to become alive

A

Spontaneous Generation

47
Q

Theory that living organisms produce other living organisms (life comes from life)

A

Biogenisis

48
Q

The estimated age of the oldest fossils

A

3.8 billion years old

49
Q

One organism living inside of another (mitochondria and chloroplast existing within a plant cell)

A

Endosymbiosis

50
Q

The time period that shows a giant meteorite hit Earth

A

K-T Boundary

51
Q

Plants the produce seeds in cones

A

Gymnosperm

52
Q

Vascular tissue in plants that transports water (Mr. Griffith’s musical instrument)

A

Xylem

53
Q

Evaporation of water from a leaf

A

Transpiration

54
Q

Plants that produce seeds in fruit

A

Angiosperm

55
Q

Vascular tissue in plants that transports sugars (food)

A

Phloem

56
Q

Absorbs minerals, anchors plant to the ground, and stores food

A

Roots

57
Q

Waxy covering on leaf to prevent water loss

A

Cuticle

58
Q

Contains the plant embryo protects and nourishes the baby plant

A

Seed

59
Q

Plant’s cell that open and closes the stomata

A

Guard Cells

60
Q

Flower Part that produces the pollen

A

Anther

61
Q

Flower’s male parts

A

Stamen

62
Q

The part of the flower that produces the eggs

A

Ovary

63
Q

Flower’s female parts

A

Pistil

Biology (10 decks)

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