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2S CYTOGEN > 3SQ1 > Flashcards

3SQ1 Flashcards

1
Q

The following image is called a _______, the chromosomes are in their ______ form

A

Karyogram

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2
Q

Picture of Karyogram (di ko malagay ei)

A

Karyogram; haploid

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3
Q

T/F: The previous figure is an example of symmetric karyotype.

A

F ; asymmetric

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4
Q

Contains: Glutathione, Vit B12, NaHCO3

For which part of the process of karyotyping is this used for?

A

Cell culture

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5
Q

BONUS: Spell out RPMI

A

Roswell Park Memorial Institute

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6
Q

Select all that apply

Which other reagents and equipment are needed for your answer in 3 (Cell culture)?

A

Fetal BSA, PHA

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7
Q

What is the role of choice B (PHA) in karyotyping preparation?

A

Cell division factor

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8
Q

BONUS: The blood to be used in lymphocyte based karyotyping must have ______ as anticoagulant, and therefore the tube top should be ________ colored.

A

Sodium Heparin, green

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9
Q

The main principle behind ________ method is to arrest cells at _________ by disruption of the ________ via the use of drug

A

Colcemid, metaphase, microtubules

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10
Q

Which reagent in the karyotyping procedure cause the following to retrieve chromosomes?

A

Sodium citrate 0.8%

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11
Q

BONUS: ________ exposure to colcemid or the use of high concentrations increases the proportion of chromosomes at late metaphase, resulting in shortening of the chromosomes. A ______ exposure with a high concentration of colcemid reduces the total yield of metaphases.

A

Long, short

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12
Q

BONUS: This (Bromouridine) is used to arrest the cells at ___-phase to increase the total yield of metaphase chromosomes.

A

Interphase

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13
Q

Identify the ingredients and the ratio of ingredients in Carnoy’s fixative

A

Ethanol; Ch3Cl; 95% HOAc (6:3:1)

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14
Q

For which part of the process is the inverted microscope used?

A

Step where rubber policeman is used

Cell culture; to spread the cells in a culture

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15
Q

Together with the ingredient seen in ________ (reagent), this equipment (Carbon Dioxide incubator) is used to provide proper temperature and ________ to the cell culture.

A

RPMI, pH

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16
Q

Which is not properly matched?

A

Final fixation - Room temp (Cold)

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17
Q

G-banding Karyotype

A
  • Uses eosin Y and azure B
  • The positive G-bands, which are the dark bands, are hydrophobic regions
  • Lighter stained regions are disulfide-rich
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18
Q

R-banding karyotype

A
  • Produces positive bands that correspond to the negative bands in G-banding
  • Is produced by incubating the chromosomes in an ionic solution at a high temperatures (~87C) followed by staining with Giemsa
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19
Q

C-banding karyotype

A
  • Technique involves hot saline incubation, and alkali treatment
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20
Q

Q-banding karyotype

A
  • Dye binds by intercalation
  • Amino group at position 2 of the Guanine bases of the DNA quenches the fluorescence of quinacrine
  • AT-rich regions of the chromosomes to fluoresce more brightly than the GC-rich regions
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21
Q

NOR-banding karyotype

A
  • Acetic acid is used like a stop bath to end the staining process
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22
Q

BONUS: Identify the karyotype staining with the following advantages:
- Identification of bivalents at diakinesis using both centromere position
- Paternity testing
- Gene mapping

A

C-banding

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23
Q

Identify the sex of the human using the previous karyotype:

A

Male

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24
Q

Trisomy 21 Karyotype

A

Down Syndrome

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25
Q

XXY Karyotype

A

Klinefelter Syndrome

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26
Q

Something sa chromosome 15

A

Angelman syndrome daw

27
Q

5p- deletion

A

Cri-du-chat

28
Q

Which is correct about amniocentesis?

A
  • Test specifically looks at Chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y
  • Can be used in classical karyotyping
29
Q

T/F: A prenatal test checks cells from the placenta (which are identical to cells from the fetus) to see if they have a chromosomal abnormality. The test can be done from weeks 10 to 13 in a woman’s pregnancy.

A

T

30
Q

T/F: A transmission electro microscope is required in order to visualize the patient’s karyotype. The electron micrograph of the patient’s karyogram will then be compared against the karyogram from a donor sample without mutation.

A

F

31
Q

Not true of FISH

A
  • Looks for specific protein antigens in tissue
  • Can detect point mutations
32
Q

Identify part of FISH

A

Probe DNA

33
Q

Which is the sequence of previously seen technique?

A

Sample preparation > denaturation > hybridization > washing > visualization

34
Q

Select all that is true to answer in 26 (Probe DNA)

A
  • Length is 20-1000bps
  • Can be RNA
  • Can be DNA analogs
  • Can be tagged with nonfluorescent molecule first (Indirect Fluorescence)
35
Q

Select all that applies to target DNA

A
  • Patient’s own DNA
36
Q

Short stouted chromosomes

A

Metaphase

37
Q

basta yung 31 may red at green image

A

Interphase

38
Q

Which is correlated with 31 (Interphase)?

A
  • Can be used for cytospin and FFPE
  • Can be used for de novo changes
39
Q

BONUS: Spell out FFPE

A

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

40
Q

Choose the letter of Indirect Fluorescence FISH

A

B (Streptavidin)

41
Q

What is the missing hapten in your answer to 33 (Streptavidin)?

A

Biotin

42
Q

BONUS: Egg ___ is a source of your answer to Biotin

A

yolk

43
Q

FITC

A

Green

44
Q

Rhodamine

A

Red

45
Q

DAPI

A

Blue

46
Q

BONUS: A cytotechnician was asked to prepare a bone marrow aspirate for FISH analysis. After mixing the probe and the sample, he incubated the mixture and focused the preparation on the microscope without washing. Which of the following would be the most likely result?

A

False positive

47
Q

Lower temperatures for denaturation

A

Formamide

48
Q

50-70-90-100; ascending

A

Ethanol

49
Q

Which kind of FISH is this (multiple colors)

A

Locus-specific probes

50
Q

Centromeric staining sa FISH

A

Alphoid probes

51
Q

Subtelomeric probes; This technique in the figure can detect:

A
  • Loss of tip regions of linear chromosome
52
Q

Mband Analysis

A

Intrachromosomal structural change

53
Q

Multiplex FISH

A

Color-tagging for cytogenetics of pre-B leukemia

54
Q

FIBER Fish

A

High resolution mapping of telomeric chromosomes

55
Q

BONUS: Identify the technique

A

Dual Fusion

56
Q

BONUS: Which cancer is correlated with HER2/neu gene

A

Breast cancer

57
Q

Select all that is true of the technique (CGH)

A
  • Used for detection of copy number loss/gain
  • Used for detection of whole genome not transcriptome
  • CGH
58
Q

Which is not correlated with the previous figure (CMA)

A
  • Uses CCD as light source
59
Q

Which chromosomal abeeration can be represented by the red line? (Gene deletion)

A

CFTR

60
Q

This step:

A

Stringent washing

61
Q

Identify this microscope used in FISH

A

Fluorescence

62
Q

BONUS: ______ is prepared exclusively from male human placental DNA by shearing, denaturing, and reannealing under conditions that enrich repetitive elements

A

Cot 1

63
Q

BONUS: In Carnoy’s fixative, which substance is used to coagulate nucleoproteins and cause swelling of the cells. This fixative penetrates the cells rapidly and preserves the chromosome structure.

A

Acetic Acid

2S CYTOGEN (17 decks)

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