4 L1 Regional Anatomy and Physiology of the Thorax and Abdomen

Question 1

Regional anatomy meaning

Answer 1

A method of studying the body as compartments or regions- integrates multiple body systems

Question 2

What systems does the thorax contain

Answer 2

Cardiovascular - Respiratory - Gastrointestinal - Muscoskeletal

Question 3

3 functions of thoracic region

Answer 3

Respiration - Passage of vital organs - Passage of structures

Question 4

What makes up the superior thoracic aperture

Answer 4

Manubrium - First rib - First thoracic verterbra

Question 5

What makes up the inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 5

Xiphoid process (sternum) - Subcostal arch - Rib 11/12 - 12th thoracic vertebra

Question 6

What makes up anterior boundary of thoracic wall

Answer 6

Sternum - Costal cartilage - Joints

Question 7

What makes up lateral boundary of thoracic wall

Answer 7

Ribs

Question 8

What makes up the posterior boundary of thoracic wall

Answer 8

Spine (thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs)

Question 9

Intercostal muscles function

Answer 9

Respiration

Question 10

3 intercostal muscles

Answer 10

Exterior - Interior - Innermost

Question 11

External intercostal muscle fibre direction and contraction

Answer 11

Anteriorly, Inferiorly - Contracts to lift thoracic cage- Inspiration

Question 12

Internal and Innermost intercostal muscle fibre orientation and contraction

Answer 12

Posteriorly, Inferiorly - Contracts to lower thoracic cage in forced expiration

Question 13

What does the intercostal space contain

Answer 13

Intercostal arteries, veins, nerves

Question 14

2 intercostal arteries and 2 intercostal veins

Answer 14

Anterior and posterior

Question 15

Describe the intercostal nerves

Answer 15

Accompany blood vessels - Ventral ramus of spinal nerves

Question 16

What do the intercostal nerves supply

Answer 16

AIntercostal muscle - Skin - Parietal pleura

Question 17

What bones make up the anterior thoracic wall joints

Answer 17

Sternum and ribs

Question 18

3 anterior thoracic cage joints

Answer 18

Sternocostal - Costochondral - Interchondral

Question 19

Describe the sternocostal joint and the exception

Answer 19

Sternum to cartilages - Synovial
EXCEPTION- Between sternum and R1 is cartilaginous

Question 20

Describe the costochondral joint

Answer 20

Ribs to cartilages (1-10) - Cartilaginous

Question 21

Describe the interchondral joint

Answer 21

R6-R9 costal cartilages - Synovial

Question 22

What bones make up the anterior thoracic wall joints

Answer 22

Spine and Ribs

Question 23

Vertebral column joints

Answer 23

Interbody- Cartilaginous

Question 24

Describe costovertebral joint

Answer 24

Rib head - Vertebral joint - Intervertebral disc

Question 25

Costovertebral supporting ligaments

Answer 25

Radiate - Interarticular

Question 26

Describe costotransverse joint

Answer 26

Rib tubercle - Transverse process

Question 27

Costotranvere supporting ligaments

Answer 27

Superior - Lateral - Anterior

Question 28

What space does the diaphragm fill

Answer 28

Fills inferior thoracic aperture

Question 29

Diaphragm attachments and tendon location

Answer 29

Sternal - Costal - Lumbar - Has central tendon

Question 30

What does the diaphragm separate

Answer 30

Separates thoracic and abdominal cavity

Question 31

Diaphragm muscle fibre arrangement

Answer 31

Radiating muscle fibres

Question 32

Diaphragm contract vs relaxed

Answer 32

Contract- flat Relaxed- dome shaped

Question 33

Diaphragm innervation

Answer 33

Phrenic nerve

Question 34

Diaphragm blood supply

Answer 34

Internal thoracic artery (ITA)- Originates off subclavian arteries - Branches off ITA supply diaphragm - Gives rise to ant. intercostal arteries

Question 35

Spinal nerve + Diaphragm saying

Answer 35

C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive

Question 36

Phrenic nerve location

Answer 36

Behind subclavian vein - Infront of nerve root - Lies as lateral as possible - Runs along lateral aspects of great vessels of the heart

Question 37

What does the phrenic nerve supply

Answer 37

Diaphragm - Pericardium - Pleura

Question 38

3 apertures of diaphragm floor

Answer 38

Aortic hiatus - Vena caval foramen - Oesophageal hiatus

Question 39

What passes through the aortic hiatus

Answer 39

Descending aorta - Thoracic duct - Azygous vein

Question 40

What passes through the vena canal formaen

Answer 40

Inferior vena cava - Right phrenic nerve

Question 41

What passes through the oesophageal hiatus

Answer 41

Oesophagus - Vagus nerves - Arteries and veins - Some lymphatic vessels

Question 42

Describe inspiration

Answer 42

External intercostal muscles contract - Rib cage rises and expands - Diaphragm contracts to become flattened - Lungs stretch - Thoracic cavity and lung V increases and P decreases - Air moves into lungs

Question 43

Describe expiration

Answer 43

External intercostal muscles relax (Internal intercostal muscles only contract during forced expiration) - Rib cage descends and reduces - Diaphragm relaxes to become dome shaped - Lungs recoil - Thoracic cavity and lung V decreases and P increases - Air moves out of lungs

Question 44

4 muscles associated with thoracic wall

Answer 44

Pectoralis major - Pectoralis minor - Serratus anterior - Abdominal muscles

Question 45

Pectoralis minor attachments

Answer 45

Coracoid process to R3, 4, 5

Question 46

Pectoralis minor innervation

Answer 46

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

Question 47

Pectoralis minor function

Answer 47

Thorax- Accessory muscle of inspiration Upper limb- Forwards and Downwards movement of scapula, Medial rotation

Question 48

Serratus anterior attachments

Answer 48

Ribs 1-9, Intercostal fascia to Medial border of scapula

Question 49

Serratus anterior innervation

Answer 49

Long thoracic nerve

Question 50

Serratus anterior function

Answer 50

Thorax- Accessory muscle of inspiration Upper limb- Protraction of pectoral girdle, stabilises scapula to chest wall, lateral rotation of scapula

Question 51

3 structures associated with thoracic wall that aren't integral to its function

Answer 51

Skin and superficial fascia (includes breast tissue) - Bones of shoulder girdle - Muscles (and deep fascia)