4: normal aging 2 Flashcards
LTP induction follows __ rule? requires? dependent on?
Hebb rule. coincident presynaptic and post synpatic activity. NMDA receptor dependent
what is critical for LTP induction?
NMDA receptor. block = eliminate induction
____ entry through NMDA-R critical for?
calcium entry. induction + expression of synaptic changes. large changes in intracellular Ca induce LTP
at certain synapses, LTP induction can occur without? requires?
participation of NMDA neurotransmission. uses voltage dependent calcium channels (high threshold, L-type)
Ca is both ___ and ____
an ion and signaling molecule
large post synpatic increase in Ca triggers an increased in _________ via (3)?
post synaptic responsiveness: increase in AMPA receptors post synpatically, increased in neurotransmitter release presynaptically, increase in synaptic contacts
medium term expression vs. long term maintenance of LTP?
expression: local signaling mechanisms, local protein synthesis. maintenance: nuclear involvement via genomic translation
need opposing mechanism for LTP?
a mechanism for synaptic enhancement like LTP requires an opposing mechanism to prevent synaptic saturation
LTD induced by ___? 2 ways?
stimulation patterns that violate Hebb’s principal: presynpatic activity without post synaptic activity. post synaptic activity without presynaptic activity
LTD: how to stimulate presynaptic activity without post?
weak, low freq repetitive stimulation of presynaptic inputs. temporally mismatched and uncorrelated activation of different weak and strong presynp. inputs
LTD: how to stimulate postsynp activity without pre?
repetitive low frequency depolarization of postsynp. cell. temporally mismatched/uncorrelated activation of weak presynaptic inputs and depolarization of post synaptic cell
3 types of LTD
homosynaptic. hetersynaptic. associative
homosynaptic LTD?
low freq input from presynp, neuron with no response from post synp cell
heterosynaptic LTD
strongly activate one pathway = induces LTP, depol. post synp cell while at the same time expressively not activate another pathway = you get heterosynaptic LTD in non activated pathway
mechanism of LTD
calcium dependent synaptic depression: low concentrations of calcium entry in post synp cell elicit changes which oppose synp. enhancement
