4. Pelvic Girdle

Question 1

Function of the pelvis

Answer 1

Link between upper and lower body
Weight bearing structure
Transfers upper body weight to the legs

Question 2

Why are human pelvises compromised?

Answer 2

Bipedalism changed shape of pelvis making it harder to give birth

Question 3

What are the sides of the pelvis called?

Answer 3

Innominate

Question 4

What bones are the pelvis formed of?

Answer 4

Ilium
Ishcium
Pubis

Question 5

Where does the sacrum articulate?

Answer 5

Auricular surfacee

Question 6

Where does the femur articulate?

Answer 6

Acetabulum

Question 7

Where do the innominates articulate?

Answer 7

Pubic symphysis

Question 8

What attaches to the anterior superior iliac spine?

Answer 8

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Tensor Fasciae latae

Question 9

What attaches to the iliac tubercle?

Answer 9

Iliotibial tract

Question 10

What attaches to the anterior inferior iliac spine?

Answer 10

Rectus femoris

Iliofemoral ligament

Question 11

What attaches to the iliac fossa?

Answer 11

Iliacus

Question 12

What attaches to the acetabulum and what is their function?

Answer 12

Ligamentum teres
Transverse acetabular ligament

Function = prevent displacement of femur

Question 13

What attaches to the pectineal line of superior ramus of pubis?

Answer 13

Pectineus

Question 14

What attaches to the inferior pubic ramus?

Answer 14

Adductor magnus

Question 15

What attaches to the anterior pubis?

Answer 15

Adductor longus

Question 16

Function of inguinal ligament

Answer 16

Contains soft tissue structures running from trunk to leg

Question 17

Function of sartorius

Answer 17

Flexion
Lateral rotation
Abduction of thigh at hip joint

Question 18

Function of tensor fasciae latae

Answer 18

Flexion
Abduction
Rotation of thigh

Question 19

Function of rectus femoris

Answer 19

Extension of leg at knee joint

Flexion of thigh at hip joint

Question 20

Function of iliofemoralligament

Answer 20

strongest ligament in body
Maintains pelvis position
Keeps femoral head in acetabulum

Question 21

Function of iliacus

Answer 21

Flexes thigh at hip joint

Question 22

Function of pectineus

Answer 22

Thigh flexion

Thigh adduction

Question 23

Function of adductor magnus

Answer 23

Adduct thigh
Extend thigh
Rotate thigh

Question 24

Function of adductor longus

Answer 24

Adduct thigh
Flex thigh
Medially rotate thigh

Question 25

What attaches to the ischial tuberosity?

Answer 25

*Hamstring Muscles* Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

Question 26

Function of semitendinosus, semimembranosus and biceps femoris

Answer 26

knee flexion knee rotation hip extension

Question 27

What are the differences between male and female's obturator foramen?

Answer 27

Male - large and ovoid | Female - small and triangular

Question 28

What are the differences between male and female's acetabulum?

Answer 28

Male - large, more laterally orientated | Female - small, more anteriorly oriented

Question 29

Differences in male and female pelvic inlet?

Answer 29

Male - heart shaped, narrow mediolaterally | Female - circular, elliptical, wide mediolaterally

Question 30

Differences in male and female true pelvis?

Answer 30

Male - small | Female - shallow and spacious

Question 31

Differences in male and female pelvic muscle markings?

Answer 31

Male - marked, rugged | Female - gracile, smooth

Question 32

Differences in male and female greater sciatic notch?

Answer 32

Male - narrow and deep | Female - shallow and wide

Question 33

Differences in male and female auricular surface?

Answer 33

Male - depressed, wide | Female - raised, narrow

Question 34

Differences in male and female preauricular sulcus?

Answer 34

Male - not present, very slight | Female - often present, well developed

Question 35

Differences in male and female postauricular space?

Answer 35

Male - narrow | Female - wide

Question 36

Differences in male and female ilium shape?

Answer 36

Male - high, vertical | Female - laterally divergent

Question 37

Differences in male and female pubic symphysis?

Answer 37

Male - higher up | Female - lower down

Question 38

Differences in male and female subpubic angle?

Answer 38

Male - narrow, V shaped, acute angle | Female - wide, U shaped, obtuse angle

Question 39

Differences in subpubic concavity?

Answer 39

Male - slight to no concavity | Female - concavity present

Question 40

Differences in ventral arc?

Answer 40

Male - absent | Female - present as elevated ridge extending inferolaterally across ventral pubis

Question 41

Differences in medial ischiopubic ramus?

Answer 41

Male - broad, flat, blunt, slightly everted | Female - ridged, sharp edged, everted

Question 42

Differences in shape of pubic bone?

Answer 42

Male - narrow | Female - broad and rectangular

Question 43

Differences in dorsal pubic pitting?

Answer 43

Male - absent | Female - present

Question 44

Where does gluteus maximus attach on the pelvis?

Answer 44

Laterally behind the posterior gluteal line

Question 45

Where does gluteus medius attach on the pelvis?

Answer 45

Laterally between posterior and anterior gluteal lines

Question 46

Where does gluteus minimus attach on the pelvis?

Answer 46

Laterally between anterior and inferior gluteal line

Question 47

Action of the gluteal muscles?

Answer 47

Extension and rotation of hip

Question 48

Function of iliotibial tract?

Answer 48

Extend, abduct and laterally rotate hip | Stabilise the knee

Question 49

What attaches to the pubic tubercle?

Answer 49

Inguinal ligament

Question 50

What age would they be if the ilium, ischium and pubis are all unfused?

Answer 50

5 months prenatal - 11 years

Question 51

What age would they be if the ischiopubic ramus has fused?

Answer 51

5 years - 18 years

Question 52

What are the non-metric traits of the pelvis?

Answer 52

Accessory iliac and sacral facets (articulations between ilium and sacrum other than auricular surface) Pre-auricular sulcus (groove inferior to auricular surface) Acetabular crease (groove penetrating lunate surface of acetabulum) Dorsal pitting (eroded areas on pubic body)

Question 53

Properties of the Phenice Method for sex estimation?

Answer 53

Very high accuracy Observation of ischiopubic ramus - ventral arc, subpubic concavity, medial ischiopubic ramus Requires pubis to be intact (80-90% of archaeological samples lack this)