7. Hand Bones

Question 1

Total number of bones in hand?

Answer 1

27 major with additional sesamoid

Question 2

Function of hand bones?

Answer 2

Provide support and flexibility to soft tissue

Question 3

3 groups of hand bones

Answer 3

Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)

Question 4

Number and location of carpals

Answer 4

8 in the wrist

2 rows - proximal and distal

Question 5

Number and location of metacarpals

Answer 5

5 in the palm of the hand

Question 6

Number of phalanges

Answer 6

3 per finger

2 in the thumb

Question 7

Proximal carpal bones

Answer 7

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Question 8

Distal carpal bones

Answer 8

Trapezium
Trapezoid
capitate
Hamate

Question 9

What do carpal bones form?

Answer 9

An arch in the coronal plane

Question 10

What is the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 10

A membranous band spanning the medial and lateral edges of the arch to form the carpal tunnel

Question 11

What are the four major projections of the carpal bones?

Answer 11

Hook of hamate
Pisiform
Scaphoid tubercle
Crest of trapezium

Question 12

Properties of scaphoid

Answer 12

Boat/cashew nut shaped
Largest bone in proximal row
Concave surface for head of capitate
Convex surface for articulation with distal radius

Question 13

Scaphoid tubercle

Answer 13

Blunt
Non-articular projection
Attachment for flexor retinaculum

Question 14

Properties of lunate

Answer 14

Crescent shaped
Concave surface articulates with capitate
Large, broad articular surface
Articulates with distal radius

Question 15

Position of lunate

Answer 15

Centrally in carpal bones between scaphoid and triquetrum

Question 16

Properties of triquetrum

Answer 16

Pyramidal
3rd from thumb
3 articular surfaces
Articulates with pisiform via single circular elevated facet

Question 17

Position of triquetrum

Answer 17

Between lunate and pisiform

Proximal row

Question 18

Properties of pisiform

Answer 18

Pea-shaped
One side flattened for articulation with triquetrum
Attachment point for flexor retinaculum
Sesamoid bone

Question 19

Properties of trapezium

Answer 19

Irregularly sided bone
Large saddle shape
Articulates with base of MC1

Question 20

What is the trapezium crest?

Answer 20

Long and narrow raised tubercle

Question 21

Properties of trapezoid bone

Answer 21

Boot shaped
Smallest carpal in distal row
Articulates with base of MC2

Question 22

Properties of capitate bone

Answer 22

Largest carpal
Distal end divided by 2 ridges into 3 facets
Head is rounded and smooth

Question 23

Capitate articulations?

Answer 23

Distal end - metacarpal 2,3 sometimes 4

Head - lunate and scaphoid

Question 24

Properties of hamate

Answer 24

Hook of hamate
Attachment point of flexor retinaculum
Double facet on base
Articulates with MC4 and 5

Question 25

Properties of metacarpals

Answer 25

Tubular bones Round distal articular heads Rectangular proximal bases

Question 26

Metacarpal articulations?

Answer 26

Bases all articulate laterally with eachother Distally articulate with phalanges Proximally articulate with 4 distal carpals

Question 27

Properties of metacarpal 1

Answer 27

Shortest Broad More robust than others Simple proximal articular surface is saddle shaped

Question 28

Properties of metacarpal 2

Answer 28

Longest metacarpal | Base has long, curved blade like wedge

Question 29

Articulations of metacarpal 2?

Answer 29

Trapezoid Capitate Trapezium MC3

Question 30

Properties of metacarpal 3?

Answer 30

Sharp projection (styloid process)

Question 31

Articulations of metacarpal 3?

Answer 31

Capitate MC2 MC4

Question 32

Properties of metacarpal 4

Answer 32

Shorter and more gracile than 2 or 3 Fairly square base 3/4 articular facets

Question 33

Articulations of metacarpal 4?

Answer 33

Capitate Hamate MC3 MC5

Question 34

Properties of metacarpal 5?

Answer 34

Thinnest and shortest | Only 2 basal facets

Question 35

Articulations of metacarpal 5?

Answer 35

Hamate | MC4

Question 36

Properties of phalanges?

Answer 36

Shorter than MCs No rounded heads Anteroposteriorly flattened

Question 37

Properties of thumb phalanges?

Answer 37

Shorter and thicker | No intermediate phalanx

Question 38

Function of non-articular tubercle of metacarpals?

Answer 38

Attachment point for collateral ligaments

Question 39

Properties of proximal phalanx

Answer 39

Single, concave proximal articular facet for metacarpal head

Question 40

Properties of intermediate phalanx

Answer 40

Double proximal articular facet for head of proximal phalanx | Distal articular facet

Question 41

Properties of distal phalanx

Answer 41

Double proximal articular facet for head of intermediate phalanx Terminal/Distal end has non-articular pad

Question 42

Name of non-articular pad on distal phalanx?

Answer 42

Distal phalangeal tuberosity

Question 43

Where does flexor carpi radialis attach?

Answer 43

Base of 2nd metacarpal Third metacarpal Trapezial tuberosity

Question 44

Origin and insertion of opponens pollicis?

Answer 44

Origin - trapezium, flexor retinaculum | Insertion - metacarpal bone of the thumb

Question 45

Attachments of flexor retinaculum?

Answer 45

Origin - scaphoid tubercle, ridge of trapezium | Insertion - pisiform, hook of hamate