4. Reproductive System

Question 1

female gonads that produce oocytes and sex steroid hormones (notably estrogen and progesterone)

Answer 1

Ovaries

Question 2

haploid reproductive cell that contributes genetic material to form an offspring

Answer 2

Gamete

Question 3

male gamete

Answer 3

Sperm

Question 4

male gonads

Answer 4

Testes

Question 5

female gamete

Answer 5

Oocyte

Question 6

reproductive organs that produce gametes and reproductive hormones

Answer 6

Gonads

Question 7

(of the breast) milk-secreting cells in the mammary gland

Answer 7

Alveoli

Question 8

External female genitalia

Answer 8

Vulva

Question 9

elongated inferior end of the uterus where it connects to the vagina

Answer 9

Cervix

Question 10

ejaculatory fluid composed of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

Answer 10

Semen

Question 11

muscular hollow organ in which a fertilized egg develops into a fetus

Answer 11

Uterus

Question 12

nerve-rich area of the vulva that contributes to sexual sensation during intercourse

Answer 12

Clitoris

Question 13

duct that transports sperm from the epididymis through the spermatic cord and into the ejaculatory duct; also referred as the vas deferens

Answer 13

Ductus deferens

Question 14

doughnut-shaped gland at the base of the bladder surrounding the urethra and contributing fluid to semen during ejaculation

Answer 14

Prostate gland

Question 15

coiled tubular structure in which sperm start to mature and are stored until ejaculation

Answer 15

Epididymis

Question 16

fingerlike projections on the distal uterine tubes

Answer 16

Fimbriae

Question 17

tunnel-like organ that provides access to the uterus for the insertion of semen and from the uterus for the birth of a baby

Answer 17

Vagina

Question 18

bulbous end of the penis that contains a large number of nerve endings

Answer 18

Glans penis

Question 19

male organ of copulation

Answer 19

Penis

Question 20

external pouch of skin and muscle that houses the testes

Answer 20

Scrotum

Question 21

ducts that facilitate transport of an ovulated oocyte to the uterus

Answer 21

Uterine tubes

Question 22

approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the ovary consisting of a follicular phase and a luteal phase

Answer 22

Ovarian cycle

Question 23

inner lining of the uterus, part of which builds up during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and then sheds with menses

Answer 23

Endometrium

Question 24

smooth muscle layer of uterus that allows for uterine contractions during labor and expulsion of menstrual blood

Answer 24

Myometrium

Question 25

ovarian structure of one oocyte and surrounding cells

Answer 25

Follicle

Question 26

phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium secretes a nutrient-rich fluid in preparation for implantation of an embryo

Answer 26

Secretory phase

Question 27

shedding of the inner portion of the endometrium out though the vagina; also referred to as menstruation

Answer 27

Menses

Question 28

hormone released by the hypothalamus that regulates the production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the pituitary gland

Answer 28

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Question 29

release of an oocyte from an ovary

Answer 29

Ovulation

Question 30

approximately 28-day cycle of changes in the uterus consisting of a menses phase, a proliferative phase, and a secretory phase

Answer 30

Menstrual cycle

Question 31

phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrium proliferates

Answer 31

Proliferative Phase

Question 32

physical characteristics that are influenced by sex steroid hormones and have supporting roles in reproductive function

Answer 32

Secondary sex characteristics

Question 33

life stage during which an adolescent becomes anatomically and physiologically capable of reproduction

Answer 33

Puberty

Question 34

phase of the menstrual cycle in which the endometrial lining is shed

Answer 34

Menses phase