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HBS1HBA > 5. Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

5. Cardiovascular System Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

transports deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

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2
Q

main artery of the body, supplies oxygenated blood

A

Aorta

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3
Q

lower chambers of the heart that pump blood into the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Ventricles

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4
Q

upper chambers of the heart that pump blood into the ventricles

A

Atria

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5
Q

large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the superior portion of the body

A

Superior vena cava

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6
Q

valves located between the atria and ventricles that allow one-way flow of blood from atria to ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valve

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7
Q

muscular wall that separates the right and left side of the heart

A

Septum

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8
Q

supply oxygenated blood to the heart

A

Coronary arteries

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9
Q

large systemic vein that returns blood to the heart from the inferior portion of the body

A

Inferior vena cava

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10
Q

valves located at the base of the pulmonary trunk and at the base of the aorta that allow one-way flow of blood from ventricles to the pulmonary trunk and aorta

A

Semilunar valves

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11
Q

transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

A

Pulmonary valves

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12
Q

Movement of blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation, then back to the heart again

A

Pulmonary circulation

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13
Q

Blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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14
Q

Small veins that receive blood from capillaries and deliver it to veins

A

Venules

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15
Q

Almost microscopic arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

A

Arterioles

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16
Q

Movement of blood from the heart to the body, then back to the heart

A

Systemic Circulation

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17
Q

Receive blood from venules and return it to the heart

A

Veins

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18
Q

Microscopic blood vessels that are the site of gas, nutrient and waste exchange

A

Capillaries

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19
Q

ECG wave created by the spread of ventricular repolarisation

A

T wave

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20
Q

Part of the cardiac conduction system; receives electrical signals from the atrioventricular node and transmits to the left and right bundle branches

A

Atrioventricular bundle

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21
Q

When the heart chambers are contracting

A

Systole

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22
Q

ECG wave created by the spread of ventricular depolarisation

A

QRS wave

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23
Q

Part of the cardiac conduction system; specialised group of cardiac cells that receive electrical signals from the atria and transmits to the atrioventricular bundle

A

Atrioventricular node

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24
Q

Part of the cardiac conduction system; receives electrical signals from the atrioventricular bundle and transmits to the purkinje fibres

A

Bundle branches

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25
The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles per minute
Cardiac output
26
The volume of blood pumped by the ventricles per beat
Stroke volume
27
When the heart chambers are relaxing
Diastole
28
Part of the cardiac conduction system: specialised group of cardiac cells that function as the heart’s pacemaker
Sinoatrial node
29
A simple test that can be used to determine the heart’s electrical activity and rhythm
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
30
ECG wave created by the spread of atrial depolaristion
P wave
31
The number of times the heart beats in a minute
Heart rate
32
Part of the cardiac conduction system; receive electrical signals from the bundle branches and transmits to the ventricles
Purkinje fibres
33
The pressure exerted against the arterial wall when the ventricles are contracting
Systolic blood pressure
34
Constriction of blood vessels caused by contraction of smooth muscle layer
Vasoconstriction
35
The volume of blood flowing back to the heart in the systemic veins
Venous return
36
The pressure exerted against the arterial wall when the ventricles are relaxing
Diastolic blood pressure
37
The average arterial pressure throughout one cardiac cycle
Mean arterial pressure
38
Dilation of blood vessels caused by relaxation of smooth muscle layer
Vasodilation
39
The opposition of the arteries to blood flow
Peripheral resistance
40
The pressure exerted by the blood on the inner wall of the blood vessel
Blood pressure
41
Control centre located within the brain stem that regulates heart rate, contractility of ventricles and blood vessel diameter
Cardiovascular control centre
42
Hormone released from the adrenal cortex that promotes water and sodium and chloride reabsorption
Aldosterone
43
Neurally-mediated reflex that regulates blood pressure in the short term
Baroreceptor reflex
44
An enzyme secreted by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure, which indirectly triggers the production of the hormone angiotensin II
Renin
45
Pressure receptors in the aorta and other large vessels near the heart that detect pressure changes in the blood
Baroreceptors
46
Hormone that simulates production of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex and vasoconstriction of arterioles
Angiotensin II
47
The fluid component of blood
Plasma
48
Red blood cells, responsible for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Erythrocytes
49
White blood cells responsible for protecting the body against disease
Leukocytes
50
The percentage of a blood sample that is comprised of erythrocytes
Hematocrits
51
Cell fragments important for blood clotting
Platelets
52
Hormone released from the kidneys in response to low circulating oxygen which triggers increased production of reticulocytes
Erythropoietin
53
Immature red blood cell
Reticulocyte
54
Descendant of a hematopoietic stem cell that can transform into platelets, granulocytes, monocytes and erythrocytes
Myeloid Progenitor Cell
55
Blood cell (formed element) production
Hemopoiesis
56
Descendant of a hematopoietic stem cell that can transform into T cells, B cells and natural killer cells
Lymphoid Progenitor Cell
57
A stem cell that can transform into any type of blood cell
Hematopoietic stem cell
58
Enzyme that converts fibrinogen into fibrin
Thrombin
59
A mesh of fibrin in which platelets and blood cells are trapped
Blood clot (coagulation)
60
A fragile temporary seal prior to formation of a blood clot
Platelet plug
61
Any of 12 substances in blood plasma which are involved in the blood clotting process
Clotting factor
62
Filamentous protein that forms the structure of a blood clot
Fibrin
63
Smooth muscle in the walls of blood vessels contract dramatically
Vascular Spasm
64
Plasma protein produced in the liver and converted into fibri
Fibrinogen
65
Process by which the body seals a ruptured blood vessel and prevents further loss of blood
Hemostasis
66
Classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells
ABO blood type
67
A blood type in the ABO group that doesn’t contain either A or B antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Type O blood
68
Any substance that causes the body to make an immune response against that substance
Antigen
69
A blood type in the ABO group that has the presence of B antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Type B blood
70
An injection of a volume of blood, previously taken from a healthy person, into a patient
Blood transfusion
71
A blood type in the ABO group that has the presence of both A and B antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Type AB blood
72
A blood type in the Rh group that doesn’t contain D antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Negative blood type
73
A blood type in the ABO group that has the presence of A antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Type A blood
74
A blood type in the Rh group that has the presence of D antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Positive blood type
75
Classification of human blood based on the presence or absence of D antigens on the surface of red blood cells
Rh blood type
76
A blood protein normally produced in response to an antigen, to help destroy the antigen
Antibody

HBS1HBA (8 decks)

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