4. The Oba Flashcards
(40 cards)
What was notable about the Oba’s movements by the beginning of the 17th century?
By the beginning of the 17th century: The Oba, seen as holding divine power, only left the palace on one or two special annual festivals.
Who had power over life and death in Edo society?
By the beginning of the 17th century: Only the Oba had power over life and death.
How did Edo people consider themselves in relation to the Oba?
By the beginning of the 17th century: The people of Edo considered themselves ‘true slaves’ of the Oba regardless of their nobility.
What was the consequence of suggesting the Oba ate, washed, slept, or would die?
By the beginning of the 17th century: Suggesting the Oba ate, washed, slept, or would die was a capital offence.
Who is considered the mythical founder of Benin?
Mythical period: Oranmiyan is regarded as the mythical founder of Benin.
Which Oba developed Benin in the 15th century and died in 1472?
15th century – died 1472: Oba Ewuare developed Benin.
Which Oba was the youngest son of Ewuare and nicknamed ‘The Conqueror’?
Ozolua – died 1504.
When did Ozolua begin conquests by subjugating neighboring areas through conquest, marriage, and diplomatic alliances?
1481: Ozolua began conquests.
Which Oba led battle against the Iljebu-Yorubas?
Late 15th century – died 1504: Ozolua led battle against the Iljebu-Yorubas.
Which Oba conquered Akure and when?
1483: Ozolua conquered Akure; died 1504.
Which Oba conquered Igala and when?
1491: Ozolua conquered Igala; died 1504.
What does the figure of ‘200 battles won’ symbolize for the Edo?
Late 15th century: Ozolua reputedly won ‘200’ battles; ‘200’ is mystical, symbolizing ‘a great many’.
Which Oba was traditionally first to make diplomatic contact with the Portuguese around 1500?
Circa 1500 – died 1504: Ozolua made first diplomatic contact with the Portuguese.
Which Oba formed alliances with Ekiti and Itsekiri?
Late 15th to early 16th century – died 1504: Ozolua formed alliances with Ekiti and Itsekiri.
Which Oba sent ambassadors to the Oyo Empire?
Late 15th to early 16th century – died 1504: Ozolua sent ambassadors to the Oyo Empire.
What economic developments occurred under Ozolua?
Late 15th to early 16th century – died 1504: Developed and expanded trade with Portuguese and Dutch in ivory, pepper, and slaves; Benin became a major commercial centre.
What infrastructure projects did Ozolua undertake?
Late 15th to early 16th century – died 1504: Built roads and bridges, including the Iya earthwork across the Ovia River to improve communications.
What cultural achievement is Ozolua credited with?
Late 15th to early 16th century – died 1504: Commissioned iconic brass plaques depicting court life.
Which Oba established formal diplomatic relations with the Portuguese, sending ambassadors to Lisbon?
1514 – died 1550: Oba Esigie sent ambassadors to Lisbon.
Which Oba formed alliances with Idah and Igala?
Early 16th century – died 1550: Oba Esigie formed alliances with Idah and Igala.
Which Oba took territory from the Kingdom of Ife?
Early 16th century – died 1550: Oba Esigie took territory from the Kingdom of Ife.
Which Oba led successful campaigns against Igala and when?
1516 – died 1550: Oba Esigie led successful campaign against Igala.
Which Oba led campaigns against Lagos?
Early 16th century – died 1550: Oba Esigie led campaigns against Lagos.
Which Oba built the famous defensive wall (‘Moat of Benin’)?
Early 16th century – died 1550: Oba Esigie built the Moat of Benin around the city.
