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Human Anatomy > 4- Tissues > Flashcards

4- Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

4 Tissue Types

A

1- Epithelium (covering)
2- Connective (support)
3- Muscle (movement)
4- Nervous (control)

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2
Q

epithelium

A
  • sheet that covers bodies surface or cavity
  • forms most glands
  • nearly all substances received or given off by body must pass across epithelium
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3
Q

diffusion

A

movement of molecules down their concentration gradient

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4
Q

secretion

A

the release of molecules from cells

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5
Q

absorption

A

bringing small molecules into the body

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6
Q

ion transport

A

moving ions across the interface

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7
Q

Special characteristics of epithelia

A

1- composed almost entirely of cells
2- adjacent epithelials are joined by cell junctions
3- cells apical and basal differ (polarity)
4- supported by connective tissue
5- avascular (lacks blood vessels) but innervated with nerve endings that do (also receive nutrients from capillaries)
6- regenerate lost cells quickly

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8
Q

simple squamous epithelium

A

one layer flattened cells

passage of materials by diffusion and filtrations

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9
Q

simple cuboidla epithelium

A

single cube layer

secretion and absorption

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10
Q

simple columnar epithelium

A

single tall layer, may have cilia and contain goblet cells

absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes
ciliated type propels mucus

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11
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

single layer of cells of differing heights

secretion of mucus, propels mucus

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12
Q

stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

two layers of cube cells

protection

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13
Q

stratified squamous epithelium

A

many layers watch the surface cells
surface is keratinized and dead
basal is active in mitosis

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14
Q

stratified columnar epithelium

A

basal cells cuboidal, superficial are elongated and columnar

protection, secretion

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15
Q

transitional epitelium

A

dome shaped

stretches and distends in urinary organs by urine

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16
Q

endocrine glands

A

lack ducts

produce hormones for specific target organs to tell them how to respond

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17
Q

exocrine glands

A

have ducts
secrete onto surfaces or body cavities
mucus-secreting glands

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18
Q

goblet cell

A

gathered in epithelial lining of intestines and respiratory tubes

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19
Q

mucin

A

glycoprotein (sugar protein) that dissolves in water when secreted

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20
Q

mucin and water is

A

mucus

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21
Q

simple glands

A

unbranched duct

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22
Q

compound glands

A

branched duct

23
Q

alveolar

A

spherical sacs

24
Q

3 Factors that bind epithelial cells

A

1- adhesion proteins
2- wavy contours (tongue/groove)
3- cell junctions

25
Q

tight junction

A

strappy belt like
some proteins in plasma membrane are fused
closes off extracellular space

prevents molecules from passing through the intercellular space

26
Q

adhesive belt junctions

A

transmembrane proteins attach to microfilaments of cytoskeleton and bind adjacent cells

(reinforces the tight junctions)

27
Q

desmosomes

A

or anchoring junctions

linking glycoproteins or cadherins,

cytoplasmic face has plaque and keratin

inside is zipper like

internal tension reducing network of fibers

28
Q

gap junctions

A

tunnel like squish flowers

allows ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to another

29
Q

cilia

A

motile extensions of apical surface of membrane

30
Q

basal body

A

centriole at the base of each cilium

31
Q

4 Classes of connective tissue

A

1- CT proper
2- cartilage
3- bone tissue
4- blood

32
Q

3 Characteristic of connective tissue

A
  • fews cells and lots of extracellular matrix
  • extracellular matrix composed of ground subtance and fibers
  • from embryonic tissue
33
Q

3 Types of protein fibers in connective tissue

A

1- collagen
2- reticular
3- elastic

34
Q

What produces extracellular matrix?

A

Fibroblasts

35
Q

In cartilage tissue the cells that secrete the matrix

A

chondroblasts

36
Q

In bones cells that make matrix

A

osteoblasts

37
Q

When cells are not actively secreting new matrix they are called?

A

Fibrocytes
Chondrocytes
Osteocytes

38
Q

Two classes of connective tissue

A

loose and dense connective

39
Q

Loose CT Areolar

A

gel like matrix, fibroblast, macrophages

cushions organs, macrophages phagocytize bacteria, inflammation, convery tissue fluid

40
Q

Loose CT Adipose

A

closely packed adipocytes

reserve food fuel, prevent heat loss, support/protect organs

41
Q

Loose CT Reticular

A

Dark reticular tree like fibrs in loose ground substance

soft internal skeleton that supports blood cells, mast cells and macrophages

42
Q

Dense CT Irregular

A

irregularly arranged collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts

withstands tension, structural strength

43
Q

Dense CT Regular

A

Parallel collagen fibers, few elastic, fibroblasts

Attaches muscle to bone or bone to bone
withstands pulling stress

44
Q

Dense CT Elastic

A

LOTs of elastic fibers

Recoiling of tissue after stretching, flow of blood through arteries, recoil of lungs

45
Q

Cartilage Hyaline

A

chondroblast produce matrix and when mature chondrocytes lie in lacunae

support, resists compressive stress (ribs)

46
Q

Cartilage Elastic

A

More elastic fibers in matrix

shape and flexibility (ear)

47
Q

Cartilage Fibrocartilage

A

not firm matrix thick collagen fibers

absorb shock (between vertebrae)

48
Q

Cartilage in bone

A

rough looking

stores calcium, mineral, marrow, blood cell formation

49
Q

Blood cells

A

red and white in plasma

transport in respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes

50
Q

Skeletal Muscle tissue

A

long cylinder like clear striations

voluntary movement

51
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

striated with intercalated disks

propels blood

52
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

spindle shaped no striations

propels substances along

53
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Neurons branching contains nucleus

Transmit electrical signals

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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