4- Tissues

Question 1

4 Tissue Types

Answer 1

1- Epithelium (covering)
2- Connective (support)
3- Muscle (movement)
4- Nervous (control)

Question 2

epithelium

Answer 2

• sheet that covers bodies surface or cavity
• forms most glands
• nearly all substances received or given off by body must pass across epithelium

Question 3

diffusion

Answer 3

movement of molecules down their concentration gradient

Question 4

secretion

Answer 4

the release of molecules from cells

Question 5

absorption

Answer 5

bringing small molecules into the body

Question 6

ion transport

Answer 6

moving ions across the interface

Question 7

Special characteristics of epithelia

Answer 7

1- composed almost entirely of cells
2- adjacent epithelials are joined by cell junctions
3- cells apical and basal differ (polarity)
4- supported by connective tissue
5- avascular (lacks blood vessels) but innervated with nerve endings that do (also receive nutrients from capillaries)
6- regenerate lost cells quickly

Question 8

simple squamous epithelium

Answer 8

one layer flattened cells

passage of materials by diffusion and filtrations

Question 9

simple cuboidla epithelium

Answer 9

single cube layer

secretion and absorption

Question 10

simple columnar epithelium

Answer 10

single tall layer, may have cilia and contain goblet cells

absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes
ciliated type propels mucus

Question 11

pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer 11

single layer of cells of differing heights

secretion of mucus, propels mucus

Question 12

stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer 12

two layers of cube cells

protection

Question 13

stratified squamous epithelium

Answer 13

many layers watch the surface cells
surface is keratinized and dead
basal is active in mitosis

Question 14

stratified columnar epithelium

Answer 14

basal cells cuboidal, superficial are elongated and columnar

protection, secretion

Question 15

transitional epitelium

Answer 15

dome shaped

stretches and distends in urinary organs by urine

Question 16

endocrine glands

Answer 16

lack ducts

produce hormones for specific target organs to tell them how to respond

Question 17

exocrine glands

Answer 17

have ducts
secrete onto surfaces or body cavities
mucus-secreting glands

Question 18

goblet cell

Answer 18

gathered in epithelial lining of intestines and respiratory tubes

Question 19

mucin

Answer 19

glycoprotein (sugar protein) that dissolves in water when secreted

Question 20

mucin and water is

Answer 20

mucus

Question 21

simple glands

Answer 21

unbranched duct

Question 22

compound glands

Answer 22

branched duct

Question 23

alveolar

Answer 23

spherical sacs

Question 24

3 Factors that bind epithelial cells

Answer 24

1- adhesion proteins
2- wavy contours (tongue/groove)
3- cell junctions

Question 25

tight junction

Answer 25

strappy belt like some proteins in plasma membrane are fused closes off extracellular space prevents molecules from passing through the intercellular space

Question 26

adhesive belt junctions

Answer 26

transmembrane proteins attach to microfilaments of cytoskeleton and bind adjacent cells (reinforces the tight junctions)

Question 27

desmosomes

Answer 27

or anchoring junctions linking glycoproteins or cadherins, cytoplasmic face has plaque and keratin inside is zipper like internal tension reducing network of fibers

Question 28

gap junctions

Answer 28

tunnel like squish flowers allows ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to another

Question 29

cilia

Answer 29

motile extensions of apical surface of membrane

Question 30

basal body

Answer 30

centriole at the base of each cilium

Question 31

4 Classes of connective tissue

Answer 31

1- CT proper 2- cartilage 3- bone tissue 4- blood

Question 32

3 Characteristic of connective tissue

Answer 32

- fews cells and lots of extracellular matrix - extracellular matrix composed of ground subtance and fibers - from embryonic tissue

Question 33

3 Types of protein fibers in connective tissue

Answer 33

1- collagen 2- reticular 3- elastic

Question 34

What produces extracellular matrix?

Answer 34

Fibroblasts

Question 35

In cartilage tissue the cells that secrete the matrix

Answer 35

chondroblasts

Question 36

In bones cells that make matrix

Answer 36

osteoblasts

Question 37

When cells are not actively secreting new matrix they are called?

Answer 37

Fibrocytes Chondrocytes Osteocytes

Question 38

Two classes of connective tissue

Answer 38

loose and dense connective

Question 39

Loose CT Areolar

Answer 39

gel like matrix, fibroblast, macrophages cushions organs, macrophages phagocytize bacteria, inflammation, convery tissue fluid

Question 40

Loose CT Adipose

Answer 40

closely packed adipocytes reserve food fuel, prevent heat loss, support/protect organs

Question 41

Loose CT Reticular

Answer 41

Dark reticular tree like fibrs in loose ground substance soft internal skeleton that supports blood cells, mast cells and macrophages

Question 42

Dense CT Irregular

Answer 42

irregularly arranged collagen fibers, elastic fibers, fibroblasts withstands tension, structural strength

Question 43

Dense CT Regular

Answer 43

Parallel collagen fibers, few elastic, fibroblasts Attaches muscle to bone or bone to bone withstands pulling stress

Question 44

Dense CT Elastic

Answer 44

LOTs of elastic fibers Recoiling of tissue after stretching, flow of blood through arteries, recoil of lungs

Question 45

Cartilage Hyaline

Answer 45

chondroblast produce matrix and when mature chondrocytes lie in lacunae support, resists compressive stress (ribs)

Question 46

Cartilage Elastic

Answer 46

More elastic fibers in matrix shape and flexibility (ear)

Question 47

Cartilage Fibrocartilage

Answer 47

not firm matrix thick collagen fibers absorb shock (between vertebrae)

Question 48

Cartilage in bone

Answer 48

rough looking stores calcium, mineral, marrow, blood cell formation

Question 49

Blood cells

Answer 49

red and white in plasma transport in respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes

Question 50

Skeletal Muscle tissue

Answer 50

long cylinder like clear striations voluntary movement

Question 51

Cardiac muscle

Answer 51

striated with intercalated disks propels blood

Question 52

Smooth Muscle

Answer 52

spindle shaped no striations propels substances along

Question 53

Nervous tissue

Answer 53

Neurons branching contains nucleus Transmit electrical signals