1- Orientation Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy
A
study of the structure of the human body
2
Q
The science of form is…
A
morphology
3
Q
Another term for anatomy
A
morphology
4
Q
Physiology
A
study of body function
5
Q
gross is…
A
large
6
Q
gross anatomy
A
body structures that can be seen by the naked eye
7
Q
regional anatomy
A
all structures in a single body region are examined
8
Q
systemic anatomy
A
organs with related functions are studied
9
Q
surface anatomy
A
study of shapes and marking (landmarks) that reveal underlying organs
10
Q
histology is…
A
microscopic anatomy
11
Q
microscopic anatomy includes…
A
cells, cell parts and groups of cells
tissues
12
Q
developmental anatomy
A
changes that occur in the body throughout lifespan
13
Q
embryology
A
how body structures form before birth
14
Q
pathological anatomy
A
structural changes with disease
15
Q
radiographic anatomy
A
study of internal body structures by x-ray
16
Q
functional morphology
A
functional parts of body structures and assess efficiency
17
Q
Levels of structural complexity in cardiovascular system
A
1- Chemical 2- Cellular 3- Tissue 4- Organ 5- Organ System 6- Organismal
18
Q
_____ combine to form ______
A
atoms combine to form molecules
19
Q
4 classes of Macromolecules
A
- Carbs (sugars)
- Lipids (fats)
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)
20
Q
What are the building blocks of structures at the cellular level?
A
Macromolecules
21
Q
the cells and their functional cell units are…
A
cellular organelles
22
Q
The smallest living things in the body?
A
cells
23
Q
Define tissue
A
a group of cells that work together to perform a common function
24
Q
4 Tissue types for organs
A
- Nervous
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
25
epithelial tissue function
covers the body surface
| lines its cavities
26
connective tissue function
supports the body
| protects its organs
27
muscle tissue function
provides movement
28
nervous tissue function
fast internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses
29
complex physiological processes occur at the ...
organ level
30
organ system
organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose
31
How many organ systems?
11
32
Name the organ systems
Reproductive
Urinary
Nervous
Muscular
Respiratory
Skeletal
```
Lymphatic
Integumentary
Digestive
Endocrine
Circulatory
```
33
visceral
membrane layer against organ
34
parietal
membrane layer against cavity wall
35
What is used to describe the structure of plasma membrane?
Fluid mosaic model
36
diffusion
high to low concentration
37
What is the highest level of organization?
Organismal Level
38
Unit in metric system for length
meter (m)
39
What is a hundredth of a meter?
Centimeter
40
What is a millionth of a meter?
A micrometer
41
Average size of human cells
10 micrometers
but can range 5-100 micrometers
42
Human cell with largest diameter
ovum
43
What two things are mass?
volume and weight
44
1 kg equals how many lbs
2.2 lbs
45
What is a thousandth of a kilogram?
a gram
46
Integumentary system functions
1- external body covering
2- protects deeper tissues from injury
3- sythesizes vitamin d
4- houses cutaneous receptors
47
Skeletal system functions
1- protects/supports body organs
2- framework for muscles to use for movement
3- blood cells are formed
4- stores minerals
48
Muscular system functions
1- manipulation of environment
2- facial expression
3- maintains posture
4- produces body heat
49
Nervous System functions
1- fast acting control system
2- responds to internal changes
3- responds to external changes
4- activates appropriate muscles and glands
50
Endocrine System Functions
1- Glands secrete hormones
2- Hormones for growth
3- Hormones for reproduction
4- Metabolism or Nutrient use by cells
51
Cardiovascular System Functions
1- blood vessels transport blood
2- carry oxygen
3- carbon dioxide
4- nutrients/wastes
52
Lymphatic/Immunity System Functions
1- picks up leaked blood vessel fluid
2- disposes of their own debris
3- Houses lymphocytes (white blood cells)
4- immune attacks foreign substances
53
Respiratory System Functions
1- Keeps blood oxygen rich
2- Removes carbon dioxide
3- gaseous exchanges occur here
4- gases exchange in lungs air sacs
54
Digestive System Functions
1- Breaks down food
2- Makes food absorbable for blood
3- Indigestibles eliminated through feces
55
Urinary System Functions
1- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
2- Regulates water
3- Regulate electrolytes
4- Acid-base balance of blood
56
What is the common visual reference point?
anatomical position
57
What is the words use for names of specific body areas called?
Regional terms
58
Fundamental divisions of the body
Axial region
Appendicular region
59
Axial region consists of...
- Head
- Neck
- Trunk
60
What parts is the trunk divided into?
- Thorax
- Abdomen
- Pelvis
- Perineum
61
Appendicular region consists of...
Limbs/ Extremities
62
What are the body planes?
- Coronal
- Sagittal
- Transverse
63
Coronal
Divided anterior and posterior
64
Transverse
Divided superior and inferior
65
Sagittal
Divided into left and right
66
midline sagittal plane is called
midsagittal plane
67
Sagittal planes offset from midline are called?
parasagittal
68
oblique sections
cuts made diagonally along a body plane
69
medial
toward the midline of the body
70
lateral
away from the midline of the body
71
proximal
closer to the origin of the body part
72
distal
away from the origin of the body part
73
ipsilateral
on the same side
74
contralateral
on matching opposite sides similar to one like in an X
75
What group of animals do humans belong to?
Vertebrates
76
Features vertebrates share
```
1- tube-within-a tube
2- bilateral symmetry
3- dorsal hollow nerve cord
4- notochord and vertebrae
5- segmentation
6- pharyngeal pouches
```
77
pharynx
throughout part of digestive tube
78
Dorsal body cavity is subdivided into...
- Cranial
| - Vertebral
79
Organs of the Ventral body cavity
- lungs
- heart
- intestines
- kidneys
These are all visceral organs..
80
Two divisions of ventral body cavity
1- thoracic cavity (surrounded by ribs and muscles of chest wall)
2- abdominopelvic (surrounded by abdominal walls and pelvic girdle)
separated by the diaphragm
81
Thoracic Cavity
1- pleural cavity
2- mediastinum (containing heart)
3- pericardial cavity
82
Abdominal Cavity of Abdominopelvic contains
liver
stomach
kidneys
83
Pelvic Cavity of Abdominopelvic contains
bladder
reproductive organs
rectum
84
What are the abdominopelvic cavities surrounded by
peritoneal cavity
85
serous membrane
slit-like slice between membranes
86
outer wall of the cavity is called
parietal serosa
87
inner wall of the cavity is called
visceral serosa
88
what is serous
watery
89
TEM
Transmission electron microscope
90
acidic stains
dyes with negatively charged molecules
91
basic stains
dyes with positively charge molecules
92
H&E
hematoxylin and eosin
93
Which micrography shows 3d pictures?
Scanning electron microscopy
94
artifacts
minor distortions
95
angiography
images of blood vessels
96
PET scan
detects radioactive isotopes injected into the body by seeing the most active cells
97
DSA
digital subtraction angiography that provides unobstructed view of small arteries
98
MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging
High-contrast images of soft tissues. distinguished them based on water content
99
fMRI
measure blood oxygen levels to detect activity in certain areas of the brain
100
What organ produces bile
liver
101
What organ secretes insulin
pancreas
102
I absorb water from the gut contents before excreted
large intestine
103
Largest gland in the body
liver
104
What gland is located behind the stomach
pancreas
