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Human Anatomy > 1- Orientation > Flashcards

1- Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of the structure of the human body

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2
Q

The science of form is…

A

morphology

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3
Q

Another term for anatomy

A

morphology

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4
Q

Physiology

A

study of body function

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5
Q

gross is…

A

large

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6
Q

gross anatomy

A

body structures that can be seen by the naked eye

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7
Q

regional anatomy

A

all structures in a single body region are examined

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8
Q

systemic anatomy

A

organs with related functions are studied

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9
Q

surface anatomy

A

study of shapes and marking (landmarks) that reveal underlying organs

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10
Q

histology is…

A

microscopic anatomy

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11
Q

microscopic anatomy includes…

A

cells, cell parts and groups of cells

tissues

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12
Q

developmental anatomy

A

changes that occur in the body throughout lifespan

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13
Q

embryology

A

how body structures form before birth

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14
Q

pathological anatomy

A

structural changes with disease

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15
Q

radiographic anatomy

A

study of internal body structures by x-ray

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16
Q

functional morphology

A

functional parts of body structures and assess efficiency

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17
Q

Levels of structural complexity in cardiovascular system

A 
1- Chemical
2- Cellular
3- Tissue
4- Organ
5- Organ System
6- Organismal
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18
Q

_____ combine to form ______

A

atoms combine to form molecules

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19
Q

4 classes of Macromolecules

A
  • Carbs (sugars)
  • Lipids (fats)
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA)
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20
Q

What are the building blocks of structures at the cellular level?

A

Macromolecules

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21
Q

the cells and their functional cell units are…

A

cellular organelles

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22
Q

The smallest living things in the body?

A

cells

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23
Q

Define tissue

A

a group of cells that work together to perform a common function

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24
Q

4 Tissue types for organs

A
  • Nervous
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
  • Muscle
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25
Q

epithelial tissue function

A

covers the body surface

lines its cavities

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26
Q

connective tissue function

A

supports the body

protects its organs

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27
Q

muscle tissue function

A

provides movement

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28
Q

nervous tissue function

A

fast internal communication by transmitting electrical impulses

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29
Q

complex physiological processes occur at the …

A

organ level

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30
Q

organ system

A

organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

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31
Q

How many organ systems?

A

11

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32
Q

Name the organ systems

A

Reproductive
Urinary
Nervous

Muscular
Respiratory
Skeletal

Lymphatic
Integumentary
Digestive
Endocrine
Circulatory
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33
Q

visceral

A

membrane layer against organ

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34
Q

parietal

A

membrane layer against cavity wall

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35
Q

What is used to describe the structure of plasma membrane?

A

Fluid mosaic model

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36
Q

diffusion

A

high to low concentration

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37
Q

What is the highest level of organization?

A

Organismal Level

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38
Q

Unit in metric system for length

A

meter (m)

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39
Q

What is a hundredth of a meter?

A

Centimeter

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40
Q

What is a millionth of a meter?

A

A micrometer

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41
Q

Average size of human cells

A

10 micrometers

but can range 5-100 micrometers

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42
Q

Human cell with largest diameter

A

ovum

43
Q

What two things are mass?

A

volume and weight

44
Q

1 kg equals how many lbs

A

2.2 lbs

45
Q

What is a thousandth of a kilogram?

A

a gram

46
Q

Integumentary system functions

A

1- external body covering
2- protects deeper tissues from injury
3- sythesizes vitamin d
4- houses cutaneous receptors

47
Q

Skeletal system functions

A

1- protects/supports body organs
2- framework for muscles to use for movement
3- blood cells are formed
4- stores minerals

48
Q

Muscular system functions

A

1- manipulation of environment
2- facial expression
3- maintains posture
4- produces body heat

49
Q

Nervous System functions

A

1- fast acting control system
2- responds to internal changes
3- responds to external changes
4- activates appropriate muscles and glands

50
Q

Endocrine System Functions

A

1- Glands secrete hormones
2- Hormones for growth
3- Hormones for reproduction
4- Metabolism or Nutrient use by cells

51
Q

Cardiovascular System Functions

A

1- blood vessels transport blood
2- carry oxygen
3- carbon dioxide
4- nutrients/wastes

52
Q

Lymphatic/Immunity System Functions

A

1- picks up leaked blood vessel fluid
2- disposes of their own debris
3- Houses lymphocytes (white blood cells)
4- immune attacks foreign substances

53
Q

Respiratory System Functions

A

1- Keeps blood oxygen rich
2- Removes carbon dioxide
3- gaseous exchanges occur here
4- gases exchange in lungs air sacs

54
Q

Digestive System Functions

A

1- Breaks down food
2- Makes food absorbable for blood
3- Indigestibles eliminated through feces

55
Q

Urinary System Functions

A

1- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes
2- Regulates water
3- Regulate electrolytes
4- Acid-base balance of blood

56
Q

What is the common visual reference point?

A

anatomical position

57
Q

What is the words use for names of specific body areas called?

A

Regional terms

58
Q

Fundamental divisions of the body

A

Axial region

Appendicular region

59
Q

Axial region consists of…

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Trunk
60
Q

What parts is the trunk divided into?

A
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis
  • Perineum
61
Q

Appendicular region consists of…

A

Limbs/ Extremities

62
Q

What are the body planes?

A
  • Coronal
  • Sagittal
  • Transverse
63
Q

Coronal

A

Divided anterior and posterior

64
Q

Transverse

A

Divided superior and inferior

65
Q

Sagittal

A

Divided into left and right

66
Q

midline sagittal plane is called

A

midsagittal plane

67
Q

Sagittal planes offset from midline are called?

A

parasagittal

68
Q

oblique sections

A

cuts made diagonally along a body plane

69
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

70
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline of the body

71
Q

proximal

A

closer to the origin of the body part

72
Q

distal

A

away from the origin of the body part

73
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

74
Q

contralateral

A

on matching opposite sides similar to one like in an X

75
Q

What group of animals do humans belong to?

A

Vertebrates

76
Q

Features vertebrates share

A 
1- tube-within-a tube
2- bilateral symmetry
3- dorsal hollow nerve cord
4- notochord and vertebrae 
5- segmentation
6- pharyngeal pouches
77
Q

pharynx

A

throughout part of digestive tube

78
Q

Dorsal body cavity is subdivided into…

A
  • Cranial

- Vertebral

79
Q

Organs of the Ventral body cavity

A
  • lungs
  • heart
  • intestines
  • kidneys

These are all visceral organs..

80
Q

Two divisions of ventral body cavity

A

1- thoracic cavity (surrounded by ribs and muscles of chest wall)

2- abdominopelvic (surrounded by abdominal walls and pelvic girdle)

separated by the diaphragm

81
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

1- pleural cavity
2- mediastinum (containing heart)
3- pericardial cavity

82
Q

Abdominal Cavity of Abdominopelvic contains

A

liver
stomach
kidneys

83
Q

Pelvic Cavity of Abdominopelvic contains

A

bladder
reproductive organs
rectum

84
Q

What are the abdominopelvic cavities surrounded by

A

peritoneal cavity

85
Q

serous membrane

A

slit-like slice between membranes

86
Q

outer wall of the cavity is called

A

parietal serosa

87
Q

inner wall of the cavity is called

A

visceral serosa

88
Q

what is serous

A

watery

89
Q

TEM

A

Transmission electron microscope

90
Q

acidic stains

A

dyes with negatively charged molecules

91
Q

basic stains

A

dyes with positively charge molecules

92
Q

H&E

A

hematoxylin and eosin

93
Q

Which micrography shows 3d pictures?

A

Scanning electron microscopy

94
Q

artifacts

A

minor distortions

95
Q

angiography

A

images of blood vessels

96
Q

PET scan

A

detects radioactive isotopes injected into the body by seeing the most active cells

97
Q

DSA

A

digital subtraction angiography that provides unobstructed view of small arteries

98
Q

MRI

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

High-contrast images of soft tissues. distinguished them based on water content

99
Q

fMRI

A

measure blood oxygen levels to detect activity in certain areas of the brain

100
Q

What organ produces bile

A

liver

101
Q

What organ secretes insulin

A

pancreas

102
Q

I absorb water from the gut contents before excreted

A

large intestine

103
Q

Largest gland in the body

A

liver

104
Q

What gland is located behind the stomach

A

pancreas

Human Anatomy (5 decks)

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