400

Question 1

functions of skeletal system

Answer 1

• provide support
• protects internal organs
• assist in body movements
• store/release calcium and phosphorus
• blood cell production
• store triglycerides

Question 2

structures of a bone (long bone)

Answer 2

• Diaphysis; bone shaft
• 2 epiphyses; either end of the bone that attaches to the joint (heads of bone)
• 2 metaphyses; region between diaphyses and epiphyses
• articular; cartilage covering both epiphyses
• periosteum; connective tissue surrounding the diaphyses
• medullary cavity; hollow space within the the diaphyses
• endosteum; thin membrane around the meduallary cavity

Question 3

• Long Bone components

Answer 3

• diaphysis
• metaphysis
• epiphysis
• articulating cartilage
• periosteum
• endosteum
• medullary cavity

Question 4

long bone components

Answer 4

diaphysis – middle of long bone

metaphysis – between diaphysis and metaphysis

epiphysis – distal and promxial ends

Articulating cartilage – covers ends of bones

Periosteum – connective tissue which wraps around bone not covered by articular cartilage

Endosteum – lines cavitys of bone

Medullary cavity – place of yellow bone marrow

Question 5

• Parathyroid hormone increases Ca levels in the blood

- causes bones to release Ca

Answer 5

• Calcitonin decreases Ca levels in the blood

- causes bones and kidneys to absorb Ca

Question 6

• Describe a muscle contraction

Answer 6

• Calcium binds to troponin
• Troponin pulls tropomyosin away from myosin heads
• ATP binds to myosin
• Myosin and actin bind and kick (power stroke)

Question 7

• 4 special components of a muscle

Answer 7

• contractility
• elasticity
• extendibility
• conductivity

Question 8

• 4 ways ATP is created

Answer 8

• creatine
• anaerobic resp
• aerobic resp
• ATP/Myosin

Question 9

• Ribs

Answer 9

• 12 pairs
• 1-7 “true”
• 8-10 “false”
• 11-12 “floating”

Question 10

decompression sites

Answer 10

• 2nd intercostal space above the 3rd rib midclavicular.

- 5th intercostal space above the 6th rib midaxillary

Question 11

• 6 synovial joints and examples

Answer 11

1. Plane-facet joint of spine
2. Pivot-Radio-ulnar
3. Hinge-Knee
4. Ball and socket-Hip
5. Condyloid-wrist
6. Saddle-thumb

Question 12

functions of synovial fluid

Answer 12

1. protection
2. lubrication
3. reduction of friction
4. nutrients
5. waste removal
6. phagocytic activity
7. shock absorption
8. infection control

Question 13

what is shock

Answer 13

In simpler terms it is a volume, pump or fluid issue resulting in Inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 14

what is shock

Answer 14

In simpler terms it is a volume, pump or fluid issue resulting in Inadequate tissue perfusion

Question 15

fick principle

Answer 15

• Adequate oxygen
• on loading of oxygen to RBC’s
• Circulation of RBC’s to tissue
• off loading of oxygen to target tissue

Question 16

load and go

Answer 16

• decreased LOC
• difficulty with airway or breathing
• difficulty with circulation
• bilaterial femur fracture
• distended abdo
• fractured pelvis

Question 17

trauma lethal triad

Answer 17

• hypothermia
• acidiosis
• coagulopathy

Question 18

paralytics
non-depolarizing 
-pancuronium (Pavulon)  0.04-0.1 mg/kg
-rocuronium (Zemuron) 0.6-1.2 mg/kg
-vecuronoim (Norcuron) 0.08-0.1 mg/kg

depolarizing
succinylcholine (Anectine) 1-1.5 mg/kg

Answer 18

paralytics
non-depolarizing 
-pancuronium (Pavulon)  onset 30-45 sec
-rocuronium (Zemuron) onset 30-60 sec lasting 30-60 min
-vecuronoim (Norcuron) onset < 1 min

depolarizing
succinylcholine (Anectine) onset 30-60 sec lasts 2-3 min

Question 19

excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

Answer 19

• ability to respond to a stimuli
• ability to shorten and thicken (contract)
• ability to extend (stretch) without damage
• ability to return to original shape