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ACP > 700 > Flashcards

700 Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of electrolytes

A
  • control osmosis of water
  • help maintain acid base balance
  • carry electrical current
  • cofactors needed for activity of enzymes
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2
Q

AHD VS Aldosterone

A

ADH

  • released from posterior pituitary
  • increases osmolarity of ECF, decreases blood volume
  • target site is collecting duct and principal cells
  • increases waster reabsorption

Aldosterone

  • released from adrenal cortex
  • increased angiotensin 2, and potassium
  • target site collecting duct
  • increased K+, increased reabsorption of water and Na+
  • increased BP and volume
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3
Q

Net Filtration pressures

A
  • Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure: outwatd from capsule. 55 mmHg
  • capsular Hydrostatic Pressure: inwards. 15 mmHg
  • Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure: inward 30 mmHg
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4
Q

2 major blood vessels of abdomen

A

aorta

inferior vena cava

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5
Q

Function of Nephrons

A
  • Glomerular filtraion
  • tubular reabsorption
  • tubular secretion
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6
Q

Functions of nephrons

A
  • Glomerular filtraion: blood plasma and dissolved substances get filtered into the glomerular capsule
  • Tubular reabsorption: along renal tubule and collecting duct water, ions and other substaces get reabsorbed
  • Tubular secertion: along renal tubule and collecting duct waste, drugs amd excess ions are secreted and ultimately excreted via urine
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7
Q

4 cells of the GI tract

A
  • Absorptive cells
  • Goblet cells
  • Enteroendocrine cell
  • Paneth cells
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8
Q

4 cells of GI tract

A
  • absorptive cell: digest and absorb nutrients
  • Goblet cells: secrete mucus
  • Enteroendocrine cells: secrete GIP (gastric inhibatory polypeptide)
  • Paneth cells: secretes lysozynes, phagocytesis
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9
Q

4 cells of the stomach

A
  • mucous cell
  • parietal cell
  • cheif cell
  • G cell
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10
Q

4 cells of the stomach

A
  • Mucous cell: secrete Mucous, proctive barrier that prevents break down of stomach wall
  • parietal cells: secrete intrinsic factor and HCL, absotption of B12
  • Cheif cells: secrete pepsinogen, breaks protiens into peptides
  • G-cells: secrete Gastrin, stimulates parietal and cheif cells, increases motility of the stomach
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11
Q

urinary catheterization indications vs contraindications

A

indications

  • urinary retention
  • immobility
  • bed ridden
  • enlarged prostate
  • nerve injury of the bladder
  • hip Fx

contraindacations

  • trauma to urinary tract
  • urethral mass
  • acute bacterial prostatitis
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12
Q

3 salavary glands

A
  • submandibular
  • sublingual
  • parotid
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13
Q

3 salavary glands

A
  • submandibular: bentath floor of the mouth, amylase thicker
  • sublingual: beneath mucus membrane below tounge, amylase thickest
  • parotid: either side of mouth in front of the ears, amylase thinnest
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14
Q

functions of kidneys

A
  • regulate blood volume
  • regulate blood composition
  • regulate BP
  • regulate glucose
  • regulate PH
  • produce hormones
  • excrete waste
  • filter waste
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15
Q

waste products filtered by kidneys

A 
urea
ammonia
creatinine
uric acid
urobilin
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16
Q

regulate glomerular flow

A
  • adjust blood flow in and out of glomerulus
  • altering capillary surface area
  • dilate/ constrict afferent/ efferent arterioles
17
Q

Glomerular filtrarion rate

A
  • renal autoreglation
  • neural regulation
  • hormone regulation
18
Q

layers of GI tract

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis
  • serosa
19
Q

layers of the GI tract

A 
-mucosa: 
   forms villi 
   increase surface area
   aid in absorption, digestion and protection
-submucosa: 
   consists of connective tissue
   highly vascular, part of ANS 
   regulates movment of muscosa
-muscularis: 
   skeletal and smooth muscle, 
   swallowing, peristalsis
-serosa:
   connective tissue, 
   part of viseral peritoneum
20
Q

tubular secretion

A
  • control PH, eliminate waste (uric acid, urea, ammonia)

- transfer from blood into tubular fluid

21
Q

3 steps in urine production

A
  • glomerular filtrarion
  • tubular reabsorption
  • tubular secretion
22
Q

ADH

A

ADH

  • released from posterior pituitary
  • increases osmolarity of ECF
  • target site is collecting duct and principal cells
  • increases waster reabsorption
23
Q

Aldostrone

A

Aldosterone

  • released from adrenal cortex
  • increased angiotensin 2, and potassium
  • target site collecting duct
  • increased K+, increased reabsorption of water and Na+
  • increased BP and volume
24
Q

4 functions of electrolytes

A

pH (acid/base balance)
Osmolarity (water balance)
AP conduction (nerve function)
Cofactor for optimal enzyme production

25
Q

Cells of the stomach and functions

A

Mucous – secrete mucous
Parietal – HCl- and intrinsic factor
Chief cell – secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase
G-cell – secrete gastrin

26
Q

Layers of the GI tract and what they are made up of

A 
-Mucosa
   simple stratified, mucus and 
   hormone secreting
-Muscularis mucosa – folds to increase surface 
   area for digestion/absorption
-Submucosa – connective tissue
-Serosa – visceral peritoneum
27
Q

Salivary Glands function and location

A

Parotid – salivary amylase
Submandibular – salivary amylase, mucous
Sublingual – salivary amylase, mucous, lipid lipase

28
Q

3 functions of a nephron (Filtration, reabsorption, secretion)

A

Glomerular Filtration
Tubular Reabsorption
Tubular Secretion

29
Q

Steps in urine production

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

30
Q

Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (pressure of blood on arterial walls) – promotes filtration (55mmHg)

A

Capsular hydrostatic pressure (pressure of capsule acting on arteriole) – opposes filtration (15mmHg) and

31
Q

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (pressure of proteins in blood) – opposes filtration (30mmHg)

A

Net filtration = GBHP-CHP-BCOP
= 55 – 15 – 30
= 10mmHg

32
Q

ADH
Reuptake of water in the collecting duct
Increases water reabsorption by increasing water permeability

A

Aldosterone
Reuptake of sodium ad water
Potassium secretion

33
Q

Define and give examples of tubular secretion

A 
Substances not needed by the body are removed from the blood and discharged into urine by active transport
K+
H+
PHO4-
Urea
Creatinine
drugs
34
Q

2 things that effect GFR

A

Blood volume

Capillary surface area

ACP (15 decks)

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