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A+ > Chapter 6/Networking Fondamentals > Flashcards

Chapter 6/Networking Fondamentals Flashcards

1
Q

sneakernet
what is the name of ?

6 264

A

people used to save data into a floppy and then take to the disk to the recipient
describe the transfer of data through physical means, mainly by walking diskettes or storage tapes from one location to another instead of using a real network.

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2
Q

computer networking

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A network allows computers and other devices to connect to one another allowing for data to be shared and used. A great example of a network is the Internet, connecting millions of people all over the world together.

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3
Q

LAN

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Local-Area Network, a LAN has networking equipment or computers in close proximity to each other ( the same office or building), capable of communicating, sharing resources and information.

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4
Q

LAN

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with LAN we start using minicomputer , they are small version of mainframe
mainframe used centralized processing
minicomputer use distribution processing
the first time the Ethernet cable was used with LAN
first software only 1 person could access (file locking)

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5
Q

WAN

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  • Short for Wide Area Network, WAN is a collection of computers and network resources connected via a network over a geographic area. Wide-Area Networks are commonly connected either through the Internet or special arrangements made with phone companies or other service providers. A WAN is different from a MAN because of the distance between each of the networks. In a WAN, one network may be anywhere from several hundred miles away, to across the globe in a different country.
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6
Q

PAN

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A Personal Area Network, or PAN, is a local network designed to transmit data between personal computing devices (PCs), personal digital assistants (PDAs) and telephones. Gaming devices, like a game console system, may also be set up on a PAN. example Bluetooth

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7
Q

Bluetooth

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A computing and telecommunications industry specification that describes how devices such as mobile phones, computers, or personal digital assistants can communicate with each other.
A good example of how Bluetooth could be used is the ability to connect a computer to a cell phone without any wires or special connectors.

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8
Q

Bluetooth

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A

WPAN Short for Wireless Personal Area Network,

piconet is one of the unusual features of a Bluetooth WPAN, when two Bluetooth get close to each other, they can communicate directly to each other and that’s what we call piconet,
in one piconet we can have up to 7 devices, the link between the devices is called scatternet.

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9
Q

MAN

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Short for Metropolitan-Area Network, MAN is a network that is utilized across multiple buildings. A MAN is much larger than the standard Local-Area Network (LAN) but is not as large as a Wide Area Network (WAN) and commonly is used in school campuses and large companies with multiple buildings.

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10
Q

Primary network components

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there are three component to be aware of
1 Servers
2 Clients or workstations
3 Resources
Every network required 2 more items to tie these 3 components together , a network operating system (NOS) and a share medium

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11
Q

servers

network can include a single-purpose server and multipurpose server.

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They are the core components of the network.
a server is an instance of a computer program that accepts and responds to requests made by another program; known as a client. Less formally, any device that runs server software could be considered a server as well. Servers are used to manage network resources. For example, a user may setup a server to control access to a network, send/receive e-mail, manage print jobs, or host a website.

two category in servers:

Dedicated

Nondedicated server

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12
Q

Nondedicated server

Dedicated server

What is The Difference between a Dedicated Server and a Non-Dedicated Server?

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A

they are assigned to provide one or more network services and local access, it is expected to be more flexible in its day to day use then dedicated server

Dedicated server is assigned to provide a specific application or serves that required fewer resources then a nondedicated server may required from a computer.

A Web server is good example of a dedicated server the example of Walmart.

A dedicated server is a server whose only job is to help workstations access data, software and hardware. It does not double up as a workstation. A non-dedicated server acts as a server as well as a workstation.

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13
Q

Workstations

NIC

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A name given to a single computer that is connected to another computer or network. A workstation is only needed for a single user to connect to the network. For example, almost all users who utilize a computer at their job or school are using a workstation.
to connect the computer the internet we need to have a network interface card NIC and we need to install a software.

Short for Network Interface Card, the NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter. It is an expansion card that enables a computer to connect to a network; such as a home network, or the Internet using an Ethernet cable with an RJ-45 connector.

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14
Q

Network resources

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A resources is any item that can be used on a net work, the following are the most important.

  • printers end other peripheral
  • Disk storage and file access
  • Applications
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15
Q

Network resources

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benefits of using the network
sharing printers
more storage because a server in a network can be dedicated to store all large files making free space on the client disk computer
Application can be reside in a server and be used by the workstation through the net connection

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16
Q

NOS

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  • Short for network operating system, NOS is the software that allows multiple computers to communicate, share files and hardware devices with one another. Some examples of network operating systems include Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows NT, Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP, Sun Solaris, Linux, etc.
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17
Q

Network resource Access

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there are 2 resource access
peer- to- peer
Client server

18
Q

peer- to- peer

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Alternatively referred to as a P2P network, a peer-to-peer network is a network that does not have a central computer or dedicated server; in other words, all computers are independent. This network is what you would most likely find in home networks or small networks
Window 7, Vista, XP, 2000 Linux, Mac are examples of OS that support peer to peer
simple net work with little setup

19
Q

Client server network

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A network setup that utilizes both servers and clients. For example, a network need NOS software to manage the server. Most client server networks are the networks you would find in a corporate or business environment.

20
Q

NOS

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  • Short for network operating system, NOS is the software that allows multiple computers to communicate, share files and hardware devices with one another. Some examples of network operating systems include Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows NT, Microsoft Windows 2000, Microsoft Windows XP, Sun Solaris, Linux, etc.
21
Q

server-based networks

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they are known as domains
strong security
support more then 10 computers

22
Q

network topologies

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A 
a topology is a way of laying out the network, there are five primary topologies
 bus topology,
 mesh topology,
 ring topology, 
 star topology,
 hybrid topology.
23
Q

bus topology

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A

Alternatively referred to as a line topology, a bus topology is a network setup where each computer and network device are connected to a single cable.
Bus networks are useful in small networks (like those setup in a small offices) and have the advantage of using less cable.

Their main disadvantage is that if any segment of the
network fails, all transmissions do as well.

expansive to maintain and can be difficult troubleshoot

24
Q

Star topology

hub send the information to all the computers

switsh send informa

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A

Alternatively referred to as a star network, star topology is one of the most common network setups. In this arrangement, every node connects to a central hub, switch.
the hub acting as a server and the peripheral devices as clients.
the hub make it easy to add a new workstation.
A major disadvantage of this network topology is that if the central hub fails, all of the connected devices are disconnected. its call a single point failure

25
Q

ring topology

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A

ring network, ring topology is a computer network configuration where the devices are connected to each other in a circular shape. Each packet is sent around the ring until it reaches its final destination.
difficult to add a new computer
the network will go down if one entry is removed from the ring
it dose not exist anymore

26
Q

Mesh topology

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A

A network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. This topology is not commonly used for most computer networks as it is difficult and expensive to have redundant connection to every computer. However, this topology is commonly used for wireless networks

we do not use it with LAN because of the cabling
if we have X computer we need X x (X-1) divided by 2
for 50 computers we will need 1225 cable

beast fault tolerances

27
Q

hybrid topology

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A hybrid topology is a type of network topology that uses two or more other network topologies, including bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology,

28
Q

Rules of communication

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computer use languages to communicate for that there are rules that computer need to follow
the must important communication frame is OSI

29
Q

OSI

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Short for Open System Interconnection, OSI is a network model developed by ISO in 1978 where peer-to-peer communications are divided into seven layers. Each layer performs a specific task or tasks, and builds upon the preceding layer until the communications are complete.

30
Q

OSI layers

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7 - Application layer - responsible for user interaction. An example of an OSI application is the FTAM.

6 - Presentation layer - responsible for the data formatting and display, allowing for compatibility.

5 - Session layer - responsible for managing a session between two applications.

4 - Transport layer, The Transport Layer delivers data across network connections. TCP is the most common example of a Transport Layer, error recovery, flow control, and support for re-transmission.

3 - Network layer - When data arrives at the Network layer, the source and destination addresses contained inside each frame are examine to determine if the data has reached its final destination. If the data has reached the final destination, this Layer 3 formats the data into packets delivered up to the Transport layer. Otherwise, the Network layer updates the destination address and pushes the frame back down to the lower layers.

2 - Data link layer arrange DATA into Frames, it has 2 parts ( the MAC, the media access control and the LLC, the logical link control)

1 - Physical layer - responsible for the electrical, mechanical, and timing across the link hobs, switches, cabels)

31
Q

IEEE 802 standards

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The services and protocols specified in IEEE 802 map to the lower two layers (Data Link and Physical) of the seven-layer OSI networking reference model. In fact, IEEE 802 splits the OSI Data Link Layer into two sub-layers named Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC), so that the layers can be listed like this:

Data link layer
LLC Sublayer
MAC Sublayer
Physical

. The most widely used IEEE 802 are

  1. 2 LLC
  2. 3 CSMA/CD ( Ethernet)
  3. 5 Token Ring LAN
  4. 6 Metropolitan
  5. 11 Wireless Network
32
Q

oh

A

ljbh

33
Q

common Network Hardware

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A

for a computer to connect to the Network we need some hardware devices:
1- network adapter
2- Cables
3-connectivity devices

34
Q

1- Network Interface Card

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A

Short for Network Interface Card, the NIC is also referred to as an Ethernet card and network adapter. It is an expansion card that provide the physical interface between the computer and the cable.
NIC prepare DATA, send DATA, control the flow of the DATA, receive and translate DATA into bytes for the CPU .
NIC is choosing by following some factors

Compatibility 
Performance 
sending and controlling DATA
Configuration
Drivers
35
Q

Compatibility

6-284

A

is the NIC going to fit the bus type of my computer.
if there is more then one bus i should go with the faster so i will chose the NIC that fit on PCIe not the one that fit on the PCI
some computer use PC card and other use USB network card

36
Q

Performance

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get the fastest card you can for the type of network you are on

37
Q

sending and controlling DATA

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The cards need to agree on several thinks for the DATA to be send from one computer to another one
maximum size of DATA
time needed for before and after the confirmation, transmission, the speed of DATA

38
Q

half duplex and full duplex

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NIC can send DATA using half duplex and full duplex
half duplex mode is 100Mbps
full duplex mode is 200Mbps

39
Q

Configuration

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each card has a unique address called the MAC address

40
Q

Drivers

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for a computer to use a NIC it is importent to install the proper advice drivers

41
Q

2- Cables connectors and cabling tools

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there are d

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