40A - Lecture - Chapter #1 Flashcards
(30 cards)
6 basic life processes
- Metabolism
- Responsiveness
- Movement
- Growth
- Differentiation
- Reproduction
Levels of organization
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organismal
Chemical
Atoms, molecules
Cellular
Basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of similar cells with the same function. 4 types epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous
Organ
Contains two or more tissue together
Organ system
Contains two or more organs
Organismal
Living individual
Metabolism
Sum of all reactions that occur in the body
Catabolic
Process that breaks complex structures to make simple structures to release energy. Ex: proteins make amino acids
Ex: hydrolysis
Anabolic
Process that makes structures simple to complex
Ex: dehydration synthesis
Responsiveness
Detects internal and external changes; works through communication. Ex: nervous system, endocrine system
Movement
Skeletal system and skeletal “muscle” system
Growth
Two different ways
Increase number of cells
Increase size of cells
Differentiation
Cells become more specialized
Reproduction
Two different ways:
Formation of new “body cells”
New individual
Homeostasis
Condition in which the internal environment remains constant within physiological limits
Intracellular fluid
Fluid INSIDE cell
Extracellular fluid
Fluid OUTSIDE cell
Intercellular fluid
Fluid BETWEEN cell
Feedback systems
Nervous system: fast communication detects change to target, localized
Endocrine system: makes hormones and goes into blood stream, slow, can go through whole system
Negative feedback
Most common way, reverse stimulus, ex: BP
- Change detected: receptor receive info
- Decision (control): response required
- Effector (target): respond to restore balance
- Balance
Positive feedback
Not as common, reinforces stimulus, ex: having baby
- Receptors
- Decision (control)
- Effector (target)
- Response
Disorder
(General form) abnormal structure or function
