4.1 (a)

Question 1

Aerobic Respiration and Animals

Answer 1

• Made evolution of large animals possible
• Allows them to meet high energy demands
• Reqiured more than 1 million ATP per second

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

• Most acheint of metabolic mpathways

-Universal, found in all living organisms

• Does not require O2
• Occurs in cytosol, therefore does not require complex organelles

Question 3

Reactions for Glycolysis

Answer 3

• 10 enzyme catalysts reactions
• 6 carbon glucose —-> 2 molecules of 3 carbon pyruvate
• Yeilds net 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Two phases:
- Energy investment phase
-Energy payoff phase

Question 4

Step 1

Answer 4

• ATP is produced
• Glucose-6-Phosphate
• (phosphorylation rxn)

Question 5

Step 2

Answer 5

• Fructose-6-Phosphate
• isomerization rxn

Question 6

Step 3

Answer 6

• ATP is prduced

-Fructose-6-biphosphate

• (phosphorylation
  rxn)

Question 7

Step 4

Answer 7

▪Fructose-1, 6-biphosphate —–>

• (G3P)
• DHAP

-(lysis Rxn)

Question 8

Step 5

Answer 8

DHAP —-> G3P

(totle 2 G3P)

• isomerization rxn

Question 9

Step 6

Answer 9

• NADH is produced

(redox Rxn)

Question 10

Step 7

Answer 10

• ADP to ATP
• Substrate-level phosphorlyation

Question 11

Step 8

Answer 11

• Carbon 3 gorup to carbon 2
• ▪(mutase rxn, shifting a chemical
  group w/in the same molecule)

Question 12

Step 9

Answer 12

• Water is lost
• Redox rxn

Question 13

Step 10

Answer 13

• ADP to ATP
• 2 pyruvate is produced

▪(substrate-level
phosphorylation rxn)

Question 14

Conclusion

Answer 14

• 2 ATP is used (energy investment) to synthesize 4 ATP
• Total 2 ATP produced with 2 NADH and 2 pyruvate