4.1 The Skull & Cranial Nerves Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
What are the two types of bones that form the skeleton of the head
A
Neurocranium
Viscerocranium
2
Q
Bones that house the brain
A
Neurocranium
3
Q
The facial bones
A
Viscerocranium
4
Q
What are the two main categories of neurocranium bones
A
Calvaria (skull cap) Cranial base (basicranium)
5
Q
The viscerocranium are facial bones that form
A
Orbits
Nasal cavities
Upper jaw
Lower jaw (mandible)
6
Q
What are the specific bones of the neurocranium
A
Frontal 2 parietal 2 temporal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid
7
Q
What are the four sutures of the neurocranium
A
Coronal
Lambdoid
Sagittal
Squamous
8
Q
The coronal suture separates
A
Frontal and parietal
9
Q
The lambdoid suture separates
A
Parietal and occipital
10
Q
The Sagittal suture separates
A
Right and left parietal
11
Q
The squamous suture separates
A
Parietal and temporal
12
Q
What are the five intersections of cranial sutures
A
Bregma Lambda Pterion Asterion Nasion
13
Q
The bregma intersects
A
Sagittal and coronal sutures
14
Q
The lambda intersects
A
The lambdoid and Sagittal sutures
15
Q
The pterion intersects
A
The frontal
Parietal
Temporal
And sphenoid bones
16
Q
The asterion intersects
A
Parietal
Occipital
And temporal bones
17
Q
The nasion intersects
A
The frontal and nasal bones
18
Q
What is the most anterior part of the forehead
A
Glabella
19
Q
What is the superiormost point of the neurocranium
A
Vertex
20
Q
What is the most prominent point of external occipital protuberance
A
Inion
21
Q
What cranial fossa and what bone is the cribriform plate in
A
Anterior fossa
Ethmoid bone
22
Q
What cranial fossa and what bone is the optic foramen in
A
Middle fossa
Sphenoid bone
23
Q
What cranial fossa and what bone is superior orbital fissure in
A
Middle fossa
Sphenoid bone
24
Q
What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen rotundum in
A
Middle fossa
Sphenoid bone
25
What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen ovale in
Middle fossa
| Sphenoid bone
26
What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen spinosum in
Middle fossa
| Sphenoid bone
27
What cranial fossa and what bone is foramen lacerum in
Middle fossa
| Sphenoid bone
28
What cranial fossa and what bone is the internal acoustic meatus in
Posterior fossa
| Temporal bone
29
What cranial fossa and what bone is the jugular foramen in
Posterior fossa
| Between temporal and occipital
30
What cranial fossa and what bone is the hypoglossal canal in
Posterior fossa
| Occipital bone
31
What cranial fossa and what bone is the foramen magnum in
Posterior fossa
| Occipital bone
32
The sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bone form part of
The anterior cranial fossa
33
The sphenoid bone compromises the floor of the
Middle cranial fossa
34
What holds the pituitary gland within it
The sella turcica
35
The sphenoid bone articulates with how many other bones
8
36
The sphenoid bone has a central body, what does it have laterally and inferiorly
Two wings laterally
| Two processes inferiorly
37
What specific bones make up the viscerocranium (14)
```
2 lacrimal
2 nasal
2 maxillae
2 zygomatic
2 palatine
2 inferior nasal conchae
Mandible
Vomer
```
38
Bones of the nasal cavity
```
Nasal
Maxillae
Inferior nasal conchae
Ethmoid
Vomer
```
39
The ethmoid is made up of
Middle nasal concha
| Superior nasal concha perpendicular plate
40
The central nervous system comprises the
Brain and spinal cord
41
The peripheral nervous system consists of
Sensory and motor neurons
Ganglia
Nerves
42
Nerves originating from brain or brain stem and exiting through foramina or fissures in the cranium
Cranial nerves
43
Cranial nerves carry nerve fibers for
Somatic motor
General sensory
Special sensory
Parasympathetic motor
44
Movement of eyes, mastication, deglutition, respiration, vocalization, facial expression
Somatic motor
45
Pain, pressure, temperature (to tissues)
General sensory
46
Olfaction, vision, gustation, audition, equilibrium
Special sensory
47
To lacrimal, salivary, and mucous glands and smooth muscles of eyes
Parasympathetic motor
48
CN 1 name
Olfactory nerve
49
CN1 function and exit
Olfactory nerve
F: special sensory- smell
E: cribriform plate of ethmoid
50
CN1 innervates
Olfactory nerve
| Olfactory epithelium of superior nasal cavity
51
CN2 function and exit
Optic nerve
F: special sensory-vision
E: optic foramen
52
CN 2 innervates
Optic nerve
| Retina of eye
53
The optic nerve of each eye sees what visual field
Temporal field and nasal field
54
The optic chiasm affects with visual field
Decussation of temporal fields of view
55
Visual fields of the optic tracts
The left: info from right fields of both eyes
| The right: info from left fields of both eyes
56
If the right optic nerve was defected it would cause
Blindness of one eye
57
A defect at the optic chiasm causes
Loss of peripheral visual fields, tunnel vision
58
A defect at the optic tract caused
Loss of visual field on opposite side of both eyes
59
Blindness of one eye
Anopsia
60
Tunnel vision
Bitemporal hemianopsia
61
What are the visual fields of the retina
Nasal (medial)
| Temporal (lateral )
62
CN3 exits
Occulomotor nerve
| Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
63
CN3 function/innervation
Oculomotor nerve
Somatic motor- all eye muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus
Parasympathetic- constriction of pupils, change shape of lens
64
Muscle that raises eyelids
Levator palpebrae superioris
65
Complete paralysis of CN3 oculomotor leads to
Dilated pupils
Ptosis (droopy eyelids)
Inability to move eye upwards, downward, and medially
66
CN4 function and exit
Trochlear nerve
F: somatic motor- eye movement
E: superior orbital fissure if sphenoid
67
CN4 innervates
Trochlear nerve
| Superior oblique muscle of eye
68
Injury to CN4 trochlear results in
Unable to look downward and inward
69
CN6 function and exit
Abducens nerve
F: somatic motor- eye movement
E: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
70
CN6 innervates
Abducens nerve
| Lateral rectus muscle
71
Injury to CN6 abducens results in
Inability to abduct the eye
72
Three divisions of CN5 trigeminal
V1 opthalmic
V2 maxillary
V3 mandibular
73
V1 division of trigeminal function and exit
V1 ophthalmic
F: general sensory
E: superior orbital fissure of sphenoid
74
V1 division of trigeminal innervates
V1 opthalmic
Conjunctiva and cornea of eye
Nasal cavity
Skin of scalp, forehead, eyebrows, upper eyelid, and part of external nose
75
V2 division of trigeminal function and exit
V2 maxillary
F: general sensory
E: foramen rotundum (sphenoid)
76
V2 division of trigeminal innervation
V2 maxillary
| Lower eyelid, upper lip, gums, teeth, cheek, palate, and pharynx
77
Branches of V1 opthalmic trigeminal
Lacrimal nerve
| Frontal nerve
78
What does the frontal nerve divide into
Supraorbital nerve
| Supratrochlear nerve
79
V2 maxillary trigeminal branches into
Superior alveolar nerve
| Infraorbital nerve
80
V3 division of trigeminal function and exit
Mandibular
F: general sensory, somatic motor
E: foramen ovale
81
V3 division of trigeminal innervates
Mandibular
Sensory- skin over mandible, lower gums, teeth, lower lip, anterior 2/3 of tongue
Motor- muscles of mastication, anterior digastric, mylohyoid, and tensor veli palantini
82
V3 mandibular trigeminal branches
Lingual nerve
Inferior alveolar nerve
Mental nerve
83
CN7 exit
Facial nerve
Through the internal acoustic meatus
Out of the stylomastoid foramen
84
CN 7 function/ innervation
Facial nerve
Parasympathetic- lacrimal gland, mucous glands, pharynx, palate,submandibular gland, sublingual salivary gland
Special sensory- taste receptor on anterior 2/3 of tongue
Somatic motor- muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, posterior digastric
85
CN8 function and exit
Vestibulocochlear
F: special sensory- balance and hearing
E: internal auditory meatus of temporal bone
86
CN 8 innervates
Vestibulocochlear nerve
Vestibule
Cochlea
87
Receptors for motion and balance
Vestibule
88
Hearing receptor
Cochlea
89
The CN8 vestibulocochlear nerve splits into
Cochlear nerve
| Vestibular nerve
90
If cochlear nerve is injured it results in
Tinnitus (ringing, buzzing) and deafness
91
If the vestibular nerve is injured it results in
Vertigo and nystagmus
92
CN9 exit
Glossopharyngeal nerve
| Jugular foramen
93
Sensory part of gag reflex
Glossopharyngeal nerve CN9
94
CN9 function/innervation
Glossopharyngeal nerve
General sensory- poster 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, palate, tonsil
Special sensory- posterior 1/3 of tongue (taste), carotid body (monitors blood oxygen levels), carotid sinus (monitors blood pressure)
Parasympathetic- parotid gland (salivary)
Somatic motor- stylopharyngeus
95
CN10 exit
Vagus nerve
| Jugular foramen
96
Motor part of gag reflex
Vagus nerve CN10
97
CN10 function/ innervation
Vagus nerve
Motor- muscles of pharynx, larynx, and palate (except tensor veli palantini)
General sensory- pharynx, tongue
Special sensory- taste to area around epiglottis
Parasympathetic- abdominal and thoracic viscera
98
CN11 function and exit
Spinal accessory nerve
F: motor
E: jugular foramen
99
CN11 innervates
Spinal accessory nerve
| Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
100
CN12 function and exit
Hypoglossal nerve
F: motor-tongue muscles
E: hypoglossal canal
101
CN12 innervates
Hypoglossal nerve
| All muscles with gloss in the name except palatoglossus
