4.5 Larynx, Pharynx, And Nasal Cavity Flashcards by Sam caster

Where is the larynx located

Anterior neck at level of C3-C6

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The larynx is designed for

Voice production

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The larynx connects

The pharynx with the trachea

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The larynx guards air passages and

Maintains a patent airway

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The skeleton of the larynx is made up of

The hyoid bone and nine cartilages

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What are the nine cartilages of the larynx

Thyroid 
Cricoid 
Epiglottis 
2 arytenoid 
2 corniculate 
2 cuneiform

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Passively folds over opening of larynx during swallowing

Epiglottis

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What three ways can arytenoid cartilages move vocal ligaments

Sliding on transverse axis
Sliding on anteroposterior axis
Rotating

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When the arytenoid cartilages slide together the vocal ligaments

Come together, closing airway

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When arytenoid cartilages slide apart the vocal ligaments

Separate, opening airway

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When arytenoid cartilages slide anteriorly the vocal ligaments

Relax, decreasing pitch

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When arytenoid cartilages slide posteriorly vocal ligaments

Tighten, increasing pitch

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When anterior tip of arytenoid cartilages rotate out (abduct) the vocal ligaments

Separate

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When anterior tip of arytenoid cartilages rotate in (addict) the vocal ligaments

Come together, but leave a slight gap for whispering

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What are the muscles of the larynx

Cricothyroid 
Posterior cricoarytenoid 
Lateral cricoarytenoid 
Thyroarytenoid 
Transverse and oblique arytenoids

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What is the function of all the laryngeal muscles? And which of those is the only one that abducts

Modulate voice and air flow

Posterior cricoarytenoid

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Innervation of the laryngeal muscles is from

CNX vagus
External laryngeal branch of CNX to cricothyroid
Recurrent laryngeal branch of CNX to all others

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Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve may be injured due to inflammation or surgery on structures around it in the neck and results in

High pitched, noisy respiration and “breathy” voice

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Muscular tube that extends from the base of the cranium

Pharynx

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The pharynx extends from

The inferior border of cricoid cartilage (anteriorly) and inferior border of C6 (posteriorly)

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Function of the pharynx

Conducts air to the larynx, trachea, and lungs

Pushes food into the esophagus

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What are the three parts of the pharynx

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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What are the muscles of the nasopharynx / soft palate

Tensor veli palatini

Levator veli palatini

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Tensor veli palatini action and nerve

A: tenses palate
N: CNV3

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Levator veli palatini action and nerve

A: elevates palate N: CNX

What are the muscles of the oropharynx / soft plate

Uvular Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus

Uvular action and nerve

A: elevates uvular N: CNX

Palatopharyngeus action and nerve

A: elevates pharynx,depresses palate N: CNX

Palatoglossus action and nerve

A: elevates tongue, depresses palate N: CNX

The tonsils are made of

Lymphatic tissue

What are the four tonsils that form a defensive ring around the naso / oropharynx

Pharyngeal-superior Palatine- lateral Tubal- lateral Lingual- inferior

What are the muscles in the external layer of the pharynx

Superior constrictor Middle constrictor Inferior constrictor

The external layer muscles of the pharynx action and nerve

A: constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing N: vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

The inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx blends in with

The esophagus

What are the muscles of the inner layer of the pharynx

Palatopharyngeus Salpingopharyngeus Stylopharyngeus

What is the function of the internal layer of pharynx muscles

Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking

Palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus are innervated by

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

The stylopharyngeus is innervated by

Glossopharyngeal nerve

The pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tine connects the

Pharynx to the tympanic cavity of the middle ear

The pharyngotympanic tube equalizes air pressure so the

Tympanic membrane can vibrate freely

The pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic tube is passively held shut and needs active opening by

The contractions of tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini during swallowing or yawning

The tensor tympani muscle is attached to the

Malleus of the ear

The tensor tympani contracts to prevent the tympanic membrane from

Vibrating too much due to loud sounds

Deglutition (act of swallowing) is the process whereby a boils is transferred from

The oral cavity through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach

What stages of swallowing are voluntary and involuntary

Stage 1- voluntary Stage 2- involuntary Stage 3- involuntary

What occurs in stage 1 of swallowing

The food bolus is pushed against the palate via tongue | Bolus squeezed into oropharynx via tongue and soft palate

What happens in stage 2 of swallowing

Soft palate is elevated sealing off the nasopharynx | The pharynx is widened and shortened to receive food bolus

What happens in stage 3 of swallowing

Contraction of all three constrictor muscles forces food inferiorly into the esophagus Epiglottis closes the larynx

The bolus moves down the esophagus via

Peristaltic contraction

The piriform recess (fossa) in the pharynx is a place for

Good to get stuck

The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) is elected by touching

The posterior 1/3 of tongue, soft palate, or pharynx (sensation from CNIX)

The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) causes contraction of

Pharynx muscles (somatic motor innervated by CNX)

The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) prevents and can induce

Prevents anything from entering throat and choking | Induced vomiting

The superior middle and inferior nasal concha are located

In the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

The superior middle and inferior nasal concha increase? And warms and moistens

Inc surface area of nasal cavity mucosa | Warms and moistens air as it enters the body

The nasolacrimal duct begins at

Lacrimal foramen in the lacrimal bone

The nasolacrimal duct ends in

Nasal cavity underneath the inferior nasal cavity

Mucus lined air pockets named for the bone that they are in

Paranasal sinuses

What are the four paranasal sinuses

Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid Maxillary

All the paranasal sinuses have openings into the nasal cavity which is a

Source of infection

Infection and/or inflammation of the mucus lining of any sinus(es)

Sinusitis

In sinusitis pain is typically

Localized to the involved sinus

The sphenoid sinus drains into nasal cavity

Under the superior nasal concha

Maxillary, frontal and ethmoid sinuses drain into

Nasal cavity under middle nasal concha

4.5 Larynx, Pharynx, And Nasal Cavity Flashcards

(64 cards)