4.1.8 - Classification

Question 1

What Is Taxonomy?
(2 Points)

Answer 1

~ The practice of biological classification.

~ Involves naming organisms and organising them into groups based on similarities and differences.

Question 2

What Does The Phylogenetic Classification System Enable Us To Do?

Answer 2

Arrange species into groups based on their evolutionary origins and evolutionary relationships.

Question 3

What Are The Different Ranks Or Levels Within The Classification System Called?

Answer 3

Hierarchical classification system.

Question 4

Is There Any Overlap Between Groups In The Taxonomic System?

Answer 4

No.

Question 5

What Is Each Group In The Classification System Called?

Answer 5

Taxon (plural taxa).

Question 6

Can Smaller Taxa Be Placed Within Larger Taxa?

Answer 6

Yes.

Question 7

What Are The Eight Taxonomic Groups Used In Classification In Order?

Answer 7

Dominant, Kings, Play, Chess, On, Fancy, Gold, Squares.

Question 8

What Happens As You Move Down The Hierarchy?

Answer 8

There are more groups at each level but fewer organisms in each group.

Question 9

What Can Similar Kingdoms Be Grouped Into?

Answer 9

Domain.

Question 10

What Can Similar Phylum Be Grouped Into?

Answer 10

Kingdom.

Question 11

What Can Similar Classes Be Grouped Into?

Answer 11

Phylum.

Question 12

What Can Similar Orders Be Grouped Into?

Answer 12

Class.

Question 13

What Can Similar Families Be Grouped Into?

Answer 13

Order.

Question 14

What Can Similar Genus Be Grouped Into?

Answer 14

Family.

Question 15

What Can Similar Species Be Grouped Into?

Answer 15

Genus.

Question 16

Why Are Species In The Same Genus Considered Separate Species?

Answer 16

They cannot breed together to produce fertile offspring, even though they may have similar phenotypes and genotypes, known as the species concept.

Question 17

What Did Early Classification Systems Rely On To Classify Organisms?

Answer 17

Appearance (phenotype) of organisms.

Question 18

Why Could Looks Be Deceiving When Classifying Organisms In Early Classification Systems?

Answer 18

Many non-related organisms share similar phenotypes, such as whales and sharks.

Question 19

How Has Technology Helped In Understanding Evolutionary Relationships?

Answer 19

Advances like DNA sequencing have made it possible to compare the genotypes of organisms.

Question 20

What Is The Binomial System?

Answer 20

The scientific naming system given to individual species.

Question 21

What Does A Binomial Consist Of?

Answer 21

Consists of an organism’s genus and species name in modern Latin.

Question 22

How Is The Genus Name Written?

Answer 22

Written first and is capitalised.

Question 23

How Is The Species Name Written?

Answer 23

Comes second and is not capitalised.

Question 24

How Are Binomials Formatted?

Answer 24

Both parts are in italics.

Question 25

What Is The Binomial For Humans?

Answer 25

Homo sapiens.

Question 26

Why Are Binomials Useful For Scientists?

Answer 26

Allow species to be universally identified, as the binomial for a species is the same across the entire globe.

Question 27

What Are Organisms Classified Into Based On Shared General Features?

Answer 27

Classified into one of the five kingdoms.

Question 28

What Determines The Placement Of Organisms Within These Kingdoms?

Answer 28

It is based on the general features that groups of organisms within these kingdoms share.

Question 29

What Are The Five Kingdoms?

Answer 29

Question 30

What Is An Example Of The Kingdom 'Prokaryotae (Monera)' & What Are Its Features? (2 Points)

Answer 30

~ Example = Bacteria. ~ Features = Prokaryotes, unicellular, no nucleus and less than 5µm.

Question 31

What Is An Example Of The Kingdom 'Protoctista' & What Are Its Features? (2 Points)

Answer 31

~ Example = Algae (Have cellulose wall and chloroplasts) and Protozoa (No cell wall). ~ Features = Eukaryotic cells, usually live in watery environments, can exist as single-celled organisms or as a group of similar organisms.

Question 32

What Is An Example Of The Kingdom 'Fungi' & What Are Its Features? (2 Points)

Answer 32

~ Example = Moulds, yeasts and mushrooms. ~ Features = Eukaryotic cells, chitin cell wall, saprotrophic.

Question 33

What Does Saprotrophic Mean?

Answer 33

Absorb substances from dead or decaying organisms.

Question 34

What Is An Example Of The Kingdom 'Plantae' & What Are Its Features? (2 Points)

Answer 34

~ Example = Mosses, ferns and flowering plants. ~ Features = Eukaryotic, multicellular, cellulose cell wall, contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, autotrophic.

Question 35

What does Autotrophic Mean?

Answer 35

Can produce their own food.

Question 36

What Is An Example Of The Kingdom 'Animalia' & What Are Its Features? (2 Points)

Answer 36

~ Example = Molluscs, insects, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. ~ Features = Eukaryotic, multicellular, no cell walls and heterotrophic.

Question 37

What Is Meant By Heterotrophic?

Answer 37

Consume plants and animals.

Question 38

What Is The Three Domain Classification System Based On?

Answer 38

New information obtained from molecular analysis of RNA genes.

Question 39

What Are The Three Domains In The Classification System? (3 Points)

Answer 39

~ Archaea (prokaryotes). ~ Bacteria (prokaryotes). ~ Eukaryota (eukaryotes).

Question 40

What Is Phylogeny?

Answer 40

Study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms and can specify how closely related they are.

Question 41

What Is Molecular Phylogeny?

Answer 41

Looks at molecules (DNA and proteins) to see how closely related organisms are.

Question 42

What Is The New Classification System Based On?

Answer 42

Molecular phylogeny.

Question 43

What Does A Greater Similarity In Molecules Suggest About Common Ancestors?

Answer 43

More similar the molecules, the more recent the common ancestor they share.

Question 44

What Change Did Molecular Phylogeny Lead To In The Classification Of Prokaryotae?

Answer 44

Organisms in the kingdom Prokaryotae were reclassified into two separate domains, the Archaea and Bacteria.

Question 45

What Did The Evidence Suggest About The Relationship Between Archaea And Bacteria?

Answer 45

That archaea and bacteria are less closely related to each other than scientists originally thought.

Question 46

Into Which Domain Were Organisms From The Other Four Kingdoms Placed In The 3 Domain System?

Answer 46

Eukaryota.