4.2.1 learning approach

Question 1

the behaviourist approach- basic assumption

Answer 1

behaviour is learnt from experience
only observable behaviour is measurable scientifically and it is only these behaviours that can be measured
is valid to study the behaviour of animals as they share the same principles of learning
we are born a blank slate

Question 2

classical conditioning

Answer 2

learning by association

learning occurs when an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and reflex response

Question 3

classical conditioning- the process

Answer 3

before 
UCS-> reflex 
NS-> no response 
after 
CS-> CR

Question 4

classical conditioning- Pavlov

Question 5

operant conditioning

Answer 5

learning by consequence 
3 key ways this can occur: 
1. positive reinforcement 
2. negative reinforcement 
3. punishment

Question 6

skinner

Question 7

social learning theory- basic assumptions

Answer 7

behaviour is learnt from the environment

behaviour is learnt from observing others and the reinforcement/punishment they recieve

Question 8

SLT- bandura

Question 9

SLT- imitation

Answer 9

when an individual observes a behaviour from a role model and copies it.

Question 10

SLT- identification

Answer 10

an individual is influenced by another because they are in some way similar or wish to be like them
‘model’ is ther person with whom they identify

Question 11

SLT- modelling

Answer 11

when someone is influential on an individual in some way. if the individual then imitates that person’s behaviour, that is called modelling

Question 12

SLT- vicarious reinforcement

Answer 12

the reinforcement the observer sees the model receiving.
sees someone else receive the reward
a person learns by observing the consequences of another person’s behaviour

Question 13

role of mediational processes- attention

Answer 13

for a behaviour to be imitated it has to grab our attention

many behaviours are observed in a day and may aren’t noteworthy

Question 14

role of mediational processes- retention

Answer 14

important that a memory of the behaviour is formed so that it can be performed later by the observer
most of SLT isnt immediate so this is vital

Question 15

role of mediational processes- preproduction

Answer 15

see many behaviours a day that we want to imitate but it isn’t possible
are limited by our physical ability so even if we want to reproduce a behaviour, we cannot

Question 16

role of mediational processes- motivation

Answer 16

the rewards and punishments that follow a behaviour will be considered.
if costs outweigh benefits then behaviour is less likely yo be imitated.
if vicarious reinforcement is not seen to be important enough to the observer then they will not imitate the behaviour