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Anatomy > Ch.6 - Bone > Flashcards

Ch.6 - Bone Flashcards

1
Q

What is spongy (cancellous) bone?

A

Honeycomb of trabeculae filled w red bone marrow

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2
Q

What is compact (lamellar) bone?

A

Dense outer layer of bone

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3
Q

What is trabeculae?

A

In spongy bone, the arches of the structure

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4
Q

What minerals are stored in bone?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

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5
Q

Texture of spongy (cancellous) bone?

A

Honeycomb, w trabeculae full of red bone marrow

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6
Q

Texture of compact (lamellar) bone

A

Dense outer layer

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7
Q

Structure of long bone (3)

A

Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis

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8
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

Fat

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9
Q

What is the diaphysis of long bone made of?

A

Compact bone, surrounding medullary cavity

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10
Q

What is medullary cavity?

A

Inside of bone, hollow part of diaphysis

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11
Q

Bone membranes (2)

A

Periosteum and endosteum

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12
Q

Describe periosteum layers (2)

A

outer: where tendons + ligaments grab
Inner: allows creation of bone (osteoblasts + osteoclasts)

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13
Q

What makes up periosteum?

A

Irregular connective tissue proper

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14
Q

Components of periosteum

A 
2 layers, 
nociceptors,
blood, 
lymphatic vessels, 
Sharpey fibers
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15
Q

What are nociceptors

A

Nerve fibers signaling pain in periosteum

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16
Q

What are sharpey’s fibers?

A

Collagen fibers attach periosteum to actual bone

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17
Q

what does periosteum cover?

A

Everything but articular surfaces

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18
Q

What covers articular surfaces?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

Where is epiphyses of long bone?

A

The top (proximal) and bottom (distal) ends

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20
Q

What membrane covers epiphyses?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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21
Q

Describe structure of epiphyses

A

Exterior is compact bone,

interior is spongy bone

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22
Q

Where is metaphyses of bone

A

Neck of bone and epiphyseal plate

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23
Q

What separates epiphyses from metaphyses?

A

Epiphyseal line (growth plate)

24
Q

What does endosteum cover

A

Internal surfaces of bone (trabeculae)

25
Q

what is structure of short, irregulars and flat bones?

A

Periosteum covered compact bone on outside of endosteum covered spongy bone

26
Q

What’s normally inside irregular, flat, and short bones between the trabeculae?

A

Red bone marrow

27
Q

Where is yellow bone marrow found?

A

Medullary cavity of adult bones

28
Q

What’s in yellow bone marrow?

A

Adipose tissue and some red marrow cells

29
Q

Where to find red marrow?

A

In spongy bone (skull, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and most of pelvis, and proximal epiphysis of humerus and femur

30
Q

What’s in red marrow?

A

Mostly red marrow cells (hematopoietic cells) in a reticular connective tissue proper

31
Q

What is an osteoid

A

Unmineralized bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

Makes bone less brittle

32
Q

What are organic components of bone

A

Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
Osteoid

33
Q

Inorganic component of bone

A

Mineral salts

34
Q

Function of inorganic component of bone (mineral salts)

A

Bone hardness and ability to resist compression

35
Q

What is an osteon? (Haversian system)

A

Compact ring around canal w BV + lymphatics

36
Q

What are canaliculi?

A

Hairlike canals,

Gap junctions allowing cell-cell connections (little cracks in compact bone)

37
Q

What’s lamella

A

Weight-bearing,

column-like tubes of bone matrix rich in collagen,

38
Q

Components of cancellous bone

A 
Osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Canaliculi
Lamellae
39
Q

Formation of bony skeleton (2)

A

Intramembranous ossification

Endochondral ossification

40
Q

Describe intramembranous ossification

A

Bone develops from fibrous membrane

41
Q

Where would you see intramembranous ossification

A

Skull, mandible, and clavicles

42
Q

Describe endochondral ossification

A

Bones forms from hyaline cartilage

43
Q

Where would you see endochondral ossification

A

All bones of skeleton Below base of skull (except clavicles)

44
Q

Functional zones in longitudinal bone growth (4)

A

Quiescent zone
Proliferating zone
Hypertrophic zone
Calcification zone

45
Q

Describe quiescent zone

A

(resting), cartilage anchors growth plate to epiphysis

46
Q

Describe proliferating zone

A

Cartilage cells are active,

Pushing epiphysis away from diaphysis (lengthening)

47
Q

Describe Hypertrophic zone

A

Older cartilage cells dying,

Expanding of proliferating cells

48
Q

Describe calcification zone

A

New bone formation

49
Q

What is appositional bone growth

A

Bone increases in thickness in response to stress

50
Q

What happens during appositional bone growth

A

2 layers of periosteum separate,

Periosteum becomes endosteum

51
Q

What cells remodel bones

A

Osteoclasts break it down, osteoblasts rebuild

52
Q

What cells do bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts, they secrete:

hydrochloric acid = concert calcium salts into soluble forms
Lysosomal enzymes = digest organic matrix

53
Q

What is transcytosis

A

Osteoclasts release lysosome into interstitial fluid, then Ca+ into blood stream

54
Q

What is Wolf’s Law

A

Bone remodels/grows in response to stress

55
Q

Ways Ca2+ is necessary:

A 
Transmit nerve impulses
Muscle contraction
Blood clotting
Gland secretion
Cell division
56
Q

Describe Ca2+ homeostasis process of treating hypercalcemia

A

Thyroid release calcitonin,

Inhibits osteoclasts and inc osteoblasts

57
Q

Describe Ca2+ homeostasis process of fixing hypocalcemia

A

Parathyroid releases parathyroid hormone,

Stimulates osteoclasts = breaking bone down and releasing stored calcium

Anatomy (15 decks)

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