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Anatomy > Ch.5 - Integumentary System (Skin) > Flashcards

Ch.5 - Integumentary System (Skin) Flashcards

1
Q

2 layers of skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

Skin is made up of 2 parts:

A

Cutaneous membrane and hair/nails/multicellular exocrine glands

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3
Q

Classification of epidermis epithelial cells

A

Superficial stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

What makes up a membrane?

A

Epithelial sheet + underlying connective tissue proper

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5
Q

What are plexus?

A

Network of blood vessels or nerves

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6
Q

How do microvascular plexus look in skin?

A

2 horizontal plexuses

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7
Q

What are 2 horizontal plexuses?

A

Superficial vascular and deep

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8
Q

Describe superficial plexus

A

Group of microvascular plexus lying just below junction between dermis and epidermis

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9
Q

Describe deep plexus

A

Lies at interface of dermis and hypodermis

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10
Q

3 characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

Avascular, highly regenerative, and lots of nerves

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11
Q

What is desiccation?

A

Drying out by evaporation

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12
Q

Defense mechanisms against micro-organisms

A

Tight junctions
Langerhan’s cells
Low pH of skin secretions
Bacterial secretions

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13
Q

How do tight junctions help integumentary system fight micro-organisms?

A

(The net looking junction) Resist microbes by preventing them from sneezing through space btw cells

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14
Q

How do Langerhan’s cells help against micro-organisms?

A

Help activate immune systems

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15
Q

What helps skin protect itself from UV rays?

A

Melanin

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16
Q

Describe how skin regulates body temp (thermoregulation)

A

Cold environment = superficial vascular plexus constricts

Warm environment = superficial vascular plexus dilates allowing heat loss

17
Q

What is calcitriol?

A

Active form of vitamin D, helps maintain calcium homeostasis by absorbing more calcium

18
Q

Where is vitamin D3 created?

A

In dermal blood vessels

19
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

In epidermis, Produce large amounts of keratin

20
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

In epidermis, make melanin (skin tone)

21
Q

What are Langerhan’s cells?

A

In epidermis, they activate immune system

22
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

In epidermis, touch receptors (allow feelings)

23
Q

What is keratin?

A

Protein that makes intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton

24
Q

Layers of epidermis in order from deep to superficial

A 
Stratum basal 
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
25
Q

Epithelial classification of stratum basale layer

A

Single row of mainly keratinocytes, some melanocytes, and sometimes Merkel cells

26
Q

What are projections from melanocytes?

A

Dendrites, extend from stratum basale to stratum spinosum

27
Q

What do the melanocyte dendrites do?

A

Melanin is transported down it and released by exocytosis.

28
Q

What are melanosomes?

A

Membrane-bounded vesicles that carry melanin through dendrites of melanocytes

29
Q

How does melanin leave the melanocyte?

A

It’s produced in the cell, transported down dendrites and melanosome, then released from melanosome by exocytosis

30
Q

Cells that make up stratum spinosum

A

Keratinocytes - tonofilaments

Langerhan’s

31
Q

Cells make up stratum granulosum

A

Keratohyaline granules - break down tonofilaments

Lamellar granules - waterproof

32
Q

Cells make up stratum lucidum

A

Dead cells

33
Q

Cells make up stratum corneum

A

Dead cells covered in glycolipids

34
Q

Describe papillary later of dermis

A

Areolar connective tissue proper,

Dermal papillae

35
Q

Describe reticular layer of dermis

A

Dense irregular connective tissue,
Collagen fibers bundled,
Elastic fibers loosely arranged
Langer’s lines

36
Q

Way of secretion by sebaceous glands

A

Halocrine

37
Q

Way of secretion by sudoriferous glands

A

Mereocrine, exocytosis

Anatomy (15 decks)

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