Ch. 18 - Endocrine System Flashcards
how are hormones transported throughout the body?
blood
is hormonal system speed of transfer quicker or slower than nervous system?
slower
are hormonal system responses long or short term?
either one
what is the quality of action and response for hormonal system?
always involuntary, we can’t control the release of our hormones
is nervous system or hormonal system localized?
nervous. hormonal system targets multiple organs
difference between endocrine and exocrine glands
endocrine - highly vascularized, secrete products into blood stream, no ducts
exocrine - not as vascular, secrete products outside of blood stream, have ducts
how do hydrophilic hormones communicate with cells
-binding site, where do they circulate, final binding site?
surface receptors, circulate in bloodstream then diffuse out to bind to target cells
how do hydrophobic hormones communicate with cells
-usual binding site?
intracellular receptors, usually bind to transport proteins so they can stay alive longer
how can a hormone stay active longer?
bind to albumin
T/F: there are hormone receptors inside bloodstream
False
what does a “free” hormone do?
causes a change (bioactive)
what makes a hormone non-bioactive
if it’s bound to albumin
why does the bond between albumin and a hormone keep it non-bioactive?
bc albumin can’t leave the blood vessel so the hormone is stuck inside and can’t do its job
what do activated receptors do?
alter gene expression —> formation of new proteins —> alter cell’s activity
T/F: It requires a lot of a hormone to produce one of a product
False, hormones are effective at very low concentrations
