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AAClinical school conditions > Mostly ID > Flashcards

Mostly ID Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main aerobic gram positive bacilli?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
Bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

Clubbing: respiratory causes.

A

Chronic cyanosis,
lung cancer (bronchial carcinoma and mesothelioma),
suppurative lung disease (e.g. cystic fibrosis, TB abscess),
fibrosing alveolitis.

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3
Q

Clubbing: GI causes

A

Inflammatory bowel e.g. Crohn’s.
Cirrhosis
Malabsorption e.g. coeliac disease
GI lymphoma.

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4
Q

Clubbing: cardiac causes.

A 
Cyanotic congenital heart disease. 
Endocarditis
Atrial myxoma (a rare cardiac tumour).
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5
Q

Clubbing: rare causes.

A

Familial

Thyroid acropachy

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6
Q

Unilateral clubbing causes.

A

Axillary artery aneurysm

brachial arterio-venous malformation.

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7
Q

What are the main gram positive anaerobic bacilli?

A

Clostridium species

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8
Q

What are the main intracellular bacteria?

A

Chlamydia, Coxiella, Legionella pneumophilia

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9
Q

What are the main gram -ive cocci?

A

Neisseria, Moraxella (pneumonia)

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10
Q

What are the the main anaerobic bacteria?

A

Bacteroides, Helicobacter pylori.

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11
Q

Which are the main dsDNA viruses?

A

Papovaviruses, adenoviruses, pox viruses, herpes viruses.

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12
Q

Which are the main ssDNA viruses?

A

Parvovirus

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13
Q

Which are the main dsRNA viruses?

A

Reoviruses inc. rotavirus

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14
Q

What are the main positive ssRNA viruses?

A

Picornaviruses (rhinoviruses, enteroviruses inc coxsackie, hep A, echo, enterovirus EV71 and poliovirus)
Coronavirus
Togavirus

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15
Q

What are the main negative ssRNA viruses?

A

Orthomyxo, paramyxo, arena, rhabdo and bunyavirus

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16
Q

Common use for amoxicillin

A

Recurrent or severe pneumonia

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17
Q

Common uses for ampicillin

A

Listeria. Also more active against gram -ive rods than amoxicillin.

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18
Q

Common uses for benzylpenicillin

A

Meningitis

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19
Q

Common uses for co-amoxiclav

A

Used for B-lactamase producers, but may contribute to C. diff infections.

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20
Q

Common uses for flucloxicillin

A

Staphylococci (B-lactamase producing)

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21
Q

Common uses for piperacillin

A

Very broad spectrum including anaerobes, Pseudomonas, staphs. Reserve for severe infections.

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22
Q

Uses for cephalosporins.

A

Parenteral pre and post surgery.

UTI, pneumonia and otitis media but NOT FIRST LINE

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23
Q

Uses of gentamicin and amikacin

A

For serious gram -ive infections. Amikacin has less resistance than gentamycin. Poor against streps and anaerobes, so combine with penicillin/metronidazole.

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24
Q

Clarithromycin and azithromycin uses.

A

They are macrolides used for S. aureus, strep, mycoplasma, H pylori and chlamydia.

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25
Q

When is ciprofloxacin used?

A

Adult cystic fibrosis, typhoid, salmonella, campylobacter, prostatitis and serious or resistant infections.

26
Q

Treatment for septicaemia from urinary tract sepsis

A

Co-amoxiclav and gentamycin

27
Q

Treatment for septicaemia from intra-abdominal sepsis

A

Ceftazidime (cefotaxime if meningococcal sepsis)

28
Q

Treatment for septicaemia from skin or bone source

A

Flucloxacillin

29
Q

Treatment for septicaemia from unknown cause

A

Co-amoxiclav, gentamicin and metronidazole.

30
Q

Treatment for septicaemia from unknown cause with neutropenia

A

Tazocin with gentamicin

31
Q

Treatment of mild community acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin

32
Q

Treatment of possible atypical pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin + erythromycin

33
Q

Treatment of severe community acquired pneumonia

A

Co-amoxiclav and erythromycin

34
Q

Treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia

A

Ceftazidine or tazocin.

35
Q

Treatment of meningococcal meningitis

A

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

36
Q

Treatment of Listeria meningitis

A

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime WITH ampicillin AND gentamicin

37
Q

Treatment of pneumococcal meningitis

A

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

38
Q

Treatment of haemophilus meningitis

A

ceftriaxone or cefotaxime

39
Q

Treatment of osteomyelitis/septic arthritis

A

Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from bone cause)

40
Q

Treatment of simple UTI

A

Trimethoprim

41
Q

Treatment of cellulitis

A

Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from skin cause)

42
Q

Treatment of wound infection

A

Flucloxacillin (also sepsis from skin cause)

43
Q

Group 1 extracellular bacteria

A

Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli.

44
Q

Group 2 extracellular bacteria

A

Gram -ive bacilli

45
Q

Group 3 extracellular bacteria

A

Non-sporing anaerobes

46
Q

First line treatment for group 1 extracellular bacteria; Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli.

A

Benzylpenicillin

47
Q

First line treatment for group 1 extracellular bacteria (Gram +ive cocci, Gram -ive cocci, Gram +ive bacilli) if patient allergic to penicillins

A

Erythromycin.

48
Q

Treatment for MRSA and MSSA

A

Vancomycin

49
Q

Treatment for vancomycin resistant enterococci.

A

Linelozid and daptomycin

50
Q

Which Gram -ive bacilli is amoxycillin also effective against (as well as group 1)

A

H. influenzae.

51
Q

First line treatment of susceptible group 2 bacilli (Gram -ive)

A

Gentamycin, ciprofloxacin.

52
Q

First line treatment of resistant group 2 bacilli; Pseudomonas

A

Aztreonam

53
Q

First line treatment of resistant group 2 bacteria; ESBL

A

Fosfomycin

54
Q

First line treatment of group 3 bacteria: non-sporing anaerobes like bacterioides

A

Metronidazole.

55
Q

Broad spectrum antibiotic against both groups 1 and 2

A

Ceftazidine

Co-amoxiclav or augmentin.

56
Q

Very broad ranging antibiotics

A

Tazocin and meropenem.

57
Q

Group 5 bacteria (intracellular)

A

Chlamydia, mycoplasma, Rickettsia

58
Q

Treatment for group 5 bacteria

A

Tetracycline, erythromycin

59
Q

Group 4 bacteria (intracellular)

A

Mycobacteria

60
Q

Treatment for mycobacteria

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

AAClinical school conditions (32 decks)

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