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AAClinical school conditions > Blood values > Flashcards

Blood values Flashcards

1
Q

ABG: PaO2

A

> 10 kPa (75 mmHg) when breathing air.

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2
Q

ABG: FiO2

A

0.21 (on air)

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3
Q

ABG: pH

A

7.35 - 7.45

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4
Q

ABG: PaCO2

A

4.7 - 6.0 kPa (35-45 mmHg)

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5
Q

ABG: HCO3

A

22-26 mmol/L

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6
Q

ABG: base excess

A

-2 to +2

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7
Q

How do you determine arterial oxygenation from ABG results?

A

Look at PaO2

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8
Q

How do you determine ventilatory status?

A

Look at PaCO2

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9
Q

How do you determine gas exchange?

A

Combination of PaO2 and PaCO2

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10
Q

How do you evaluate acid-base status?

A

Evaluate pH, PaCO2 and HCO3

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11
Q

What happens when PaCO2 is below 5 kPa and pH is highish?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

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12
Q

What is a normal lactate?

A

Less than 1.0 mmol/L

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13
Q

What does hypercalcaemia, high albumin and high urea suggest?

A

Dehydration

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14
Q

What does high calcium, high albumin and low or normal urea suggest?

A

a cuffed specimen

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15
Q

What does a high calcium, low or normal albumin, low phosphate and normal urea suggest?

A

Primary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism.

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16
Q

What does a high calcium, low or normal albumin, normal or high phosphate and high ALP suggest?

A

Bone mets, sarcoidosis, thryrotoxicosis or lithium.

17
Q

What does a high calcium, low or normal albumin, normal or high phosphate and normal ALP suggest?

A

Myeloma, Vit D deficiency, sarcoidosis.

18
Q

What is hyperkalaemia?

A

Plasma K+ > 6.5 mmol/L

19
Q

Concerning signs and symptoms in hyperkalaemia

A

Fast irrregular pulse, chest pain, weakness, palpitations and lightheadedness
ECG: tented T waves, small P waves, wide QRS and vent fib.

20
Q

What artefacts can cause apparent hyperkalaemia?

A

haemolysis, FBC bottle contaminant, thrombocytaemia, delayed analysis.

21
Q

Give some causes of hyperkalaemia: kidneys, endocrine, iatrogenic, other

A

Kidney stuff: oliguric renal failure, K+ sparing diuretics.
Endocrine stuff: DM metabolic acidosis, Addison’s.
Iatrogenic: given K+, blood transfusion, drugs.
Other: rhabdomyelosis, burns.

AAClinical school conditions (32 decks)

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