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Biology > First Nine Weeks Test > Flashcards

First Nine Weeks Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is not the goal of science

A

something you can’t prove

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2
Q

What are the steps in an experiment

A

Purpose, research, hypothesis, experiment, and conclusion

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3
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

A scientific or educated guess

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4
Q

What is a controlled experiment

A

When only one variable is changed at a time and all other variables remain the same

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5
Q

Why do scientists publish their experiments

A

So other scientists can look at and test their experiments

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6
Q

Wha is a theory

A

When a hypothesis becomes so well supported

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7
Q

What is biology

A

The study of living things

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8
Q

What are five characteristics of all living things

A

All living things are made up of a basic unit called cells, reproduce, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, and respond to their environment

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9
Q

What is homeostasis

A

When an organism maintains a stable internal condition

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10
Q

What is metabolism

A

Combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out life’s processes

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11
Q

What are all the microscopes

A

TEMs, SEMs, compound light microscope, and a regular microscope

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12
Q

What is cell culture

A

When a group of cells develops from a single cell

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13
Q

What is cell fractionation

A

Separates different parts of the cell

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14
Q

What is the goal of science

A

To investigate and understand the natural world

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15
Q

Describe TEMs

A

Shines a beam of electrons through a thin specimen

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16
Q

Describe SEMs

A

Produces a realistic three dimensional image of the surface of objects

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17
Q

Describe compound light microscopes

A

Allow light to pass through the specimen and use two lenses to form an image

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18
Q

Describe regular microscopes

A

Produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye

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19
Q

What is an inference

A

A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience

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20
Q

What is cell

A

A collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings

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21
Q

What is data

A

Information gathered from observations

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22
Q

Describe redis experiment

A

He tried to prove spontaneous generation and looked for maggots on covered and uncovered meat

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23
Q

What is spontaneous generation

A

The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter

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24
Q

What is the responding variable

A

responds to the manipulated variable

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25
Q

What is the manipulating variable

A

The variable that is deliberately changed

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26
Q

Why is it important to test only one variable at a time

A

So you can figure out exactly which variable is causing the change

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27
Q

3 particles that make up an atom

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons

28
Q

Where are they located

A

Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus and electrons orbit around the nucleus

29
Q

What are isotopes

A

Same element different number of neutrons

30
Q

Why is the basic unit of matter

A

Atoms

31
Q

What is an element

A

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

32
Q

What is the metric system

A

Decimal system of measurements whose units are based on certain physical standard

33
Q

Why do scientist use the metric system

A

They need to replicate each other’s experiments and most experiments use measurements

34
Q

What is the metric system based on multiples of

A

10

35
Q

What does atom mean and what is the Greek word for it

A

Smallest unit of matter; atomos and it means unable to be cut

36
Q

What are the charge of the three particles

A

Protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative

37
Q

How are covalent bonds formed

A

When electrons are shared between atoms

38
Q

How are ionic bonds formed

A

When one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

39
Q

What are species

A

Groups of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring

40
Q

What are populations

A

Groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area

41
Q

What are communities

A

Assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area

42
Q

What are ecosystems

A

Collections of all organisms that live together in a particular place together with their physical environment

43
Q

What are biomes

A

Groups of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominate communities

44
Q

What is a biosphere

A

Portions of the planet in which all life exists including land, water, air, and atmosphere

45
Q

What are herbivores

A

They only eat plants

46
Q

What are carnivores

A

They only eat animals

47
Q

What are omnivores

A

Eat both plants and animals

48
Q

What are detritivores

A

Eat plant and animal remains and other dead matter

49
Q

What are decomposers

A

Break down organic matter

50
Q

What are autotrophs

A

Same as producers make their own food

51
Q

What are heterotrophs

A

Same as consumers and rely on other organisms for their food

52
Q

What are food chains

A

Series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten

53
Q

What are food webs

A

Link all the food chains in an ecosystem together

54
Q

What are trophic levels

A

Step in a food chain or food web

55
Q

What are ecological pyramids

A

Diagrams that show the relative amount of energy contained within each trophic level

56
Q

What is biomass

A

The total amount of living tissue in a trophic level

57
Q

What happens in photosynthesis

A

Autotrophs use energy from the sun to make oxygen rich carbohydrates

58
Q

What is chemosynthesis

A

When an organism uses chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

59
Q

How much energy is passed between each trophic level

A

10%

60
Q

Where does the energy go

A

It’s released as heat

61
Q

What is nitrogen fixation

A

The process by which bacteria converts nitrogen into ammonia

62
Q

What is denitrification

A

The process by which some soil bacteria converts nitrates into nitrogen gas

63
Q

What is primary productivity

A

The rate at which organic matter is created by producers

64
Q

What is a limiting nutrient

A

When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly

65
Q

How does a limiting nutrient affect the ecosystem

A

If a nutrient is in short supply it will limit an organisms growth

66
Q

What are the levels of organisms within an ecosystem

A

Species, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes

Biology (28 decks)

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