Semester Exam

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintaining a stable internal environment.

Question 2

The work of scientists begins with…

Answer 2

careful observations

Question 3

Controlled Experiment

Answer 3

One variable is changed at a time.

Question 4

How does science differ from other disciplines?

Answer 4

Can be tested and proved. Science relies strictly on facts.

Question 5

When is a hypothesis useful?

Answer 5

When it is testable.

Question 6

Where may a hypothesis come from?

Answer 6

Prior knowledge, observations, etc.

Question 7

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 7

The idea that life could arise from nonliving matter.

Question 8

What is not a goal of science or how science works?

Answer 8

Something that can’t be proven.

Question 9

Inference

Answer 9

Logical interpretation of data based on prior knowledge.

Question 10

Why do scientists need to publish the details of important work?

Answer 10

So their work can be replicated and further tested.

Question 11

What is a tissue composed of?

Answer 11

individual or similar cells

Question 12

Theory

Answer 12

well-supported hypothesis

Question 13

Osmosis

Answer 13

Diffusion of water through a selectively-permeable membrane like the cell membrane.

Question 14

Biology

Answer 14

study of life

Question 15

Ribosomes

Answer 15

Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. Proteins are assembled here.

Question 16

Chromosomes

Answer 16

Thread-like structures contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of the cells to the next. Characteristics of the cell. Found in the nucleus.

Question 17

Cell Wall

Answer 17

Strong layer around the cell membrane that protects the cell.

Question 18

Cell Membrane

Answer 18

The gatekeeper to the cell. Thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell.

Question 19

Characteristics of living things are?

Answer 19

Made of cells, grow and develop, based on universal genetic code, obtain materials and energy, reproduce, respond to their environment, and maintain a stable internal environment.

Question 20

Nucleus

Answer 20

Brain of the cell. (control center) Found in the center.

Question 21

Metabolism

Answer 21

Chemical reaction within an organism in which materials build up and break down.

Question 22

Goal of Science

Answer 22

Investigate and understand the natural world, to explain events in the natural world, and to use those explanations to make useful predictions.

Question 23

Microscope

Answer 23

Tool that magnifies images that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.

Question 24

Compound light microscope

Answer 24

Microscope that allows light to pass through the specimen and uses two lenses to form an image.

Question 25

Mitochondria

Answer 25

Power house of the cell. Where the cell gets it’s energy from. “Powerhouse”

Question 26

Chloroplast

Answer 26

Works with the mitochondria to provide the cell energy.

Question 27

Cell Culture

Answer 27

Group of cells that develop from a single original cell.

Question 28

Cell Fractionation

Answer 28

Technique used to separate the different cell parts.

Question 29

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 29

Makes proteins using coded instructions from the nucleus. Then, the proteins are stored, packaged, and shipped like a factory.

Question 30

Lysosome

Answer 30

“Cleanup Crew” Remove waists and unwanted materials.

Question 31

Three particles that make up an atom and their charge and where they are found

Answer 31

Proton- positive, center of nucleus
Neutron- neutral, center of nucleus
Electron- negative, orbit nucleus

Question 32

function of cytoskeleton

Answer 32

gives the cell its shape

Question 33

Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons

Answer 33

Atomic number is same as protons & electrons; subtract atomic mass number from atomic number to find neutrons; always round up

Question 34

Democritus thought about cells

Answer 34

cannot be divided

Question 35

What doesn’t have a cell wall

Answer 35

animal cell

Question 36

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 36

Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not

Question 37

Isotopes

Answer 37

different number of neutrons

Question 38

5 levels of organization

Answer 38

Species, population, community, biome, and biosphere

Question 39

Species

Answer 39

similar organisms that can breed and produce offspring

Question 40

Population

Answer 40

group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area

Question 41

Community

Answer 41

all the populations that live together in a defined area

Question 42

Biome

Answer 42

group of ecosystems that have the same climate in similar dominant communities

Question 43

Biosphere

Answer 43

contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exist including land, water, and air

Question 44

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 44

First person to use a microscope to study nature.

Question 45

Robert Hooke

Answer 45

Discovered cells by looking at a cork and comparing it to tiny chambers that resembled a monastery.

Question 46

Covalent and Ionic Bonds

Answer 46

Covalent- share electrons between atoms

Ionic- transfer electrons between atoms

Question 47

Autotrophs & Heterotrophs

Answer 47

Autotroph(producer)- make own food

Heterotroph(consumer)- rely on other organisms for food

Question 48

Food Chain & Food Web

Answer 48

Food Chain- series of steps in an ecosystem where organisms transfer energy by eating other organisms - 10% is transferred to the next level; the rest is lost as heat
Food Web- all of the food chains in an ecosystem

Question 49

Two ways water enters the atmosphere in the water cycle

Answer 49

Evaporation and transpiration