Ch.4

Question 1

Will

Answer 1

According to Erickson a young child’s understanding that he or she can act on the world intentionally which occurs when an anatomy shame and doubt or in balance

Question 2

Ethology

Answer 2

Branch of biology concerned with adaptive behaviors that are characteristics of different species

Question 3

Attachment

Answer 3

Enduring social emotional relationship

Question 4

Secure attachment

Answer 4

Relationship in which infants have come to trust and depend on their mothers

Question 5

Avoidant attachment

Answer 5

Relationship in which infants turn away from their mothers when they are reunited following a brief separation

Question 6

Resistant attachment

Answer 6

Relationship in which after a brief separation infants want to be held that are difficult to console

Question 7

Disorganized attachment

Answer 7

Relationship in which infants don’t seem to understand what’s happening when they’re separated and later reunited with their mothers

Question 8

Internal working model

Answer 8

Infants understanding of how responsive and dependable the caregiver is that influence close relationships throughout the child’s life

Question 9

Basic emotions

Answer 9

Emotions experienced by humankind and that consist of three elements is subjective feeling a physiological change and an overt behavior

Question 10

Social smiles

Answer 10

Smile that infants produce when they see a human face

Question 11

Stranger wariness

Answer 11

First distinct signs of fear that emerge around six months of age when infants become weary in the presence of unfamiliar adults

Question 12

Social referencing

Answer 12

Behavior in which infants in unfamiliar or ambiguous environment often look at their mother or father as if searching for cues to help them interpret the situation

Question 13

Temperament

Answer 13

Consistent style or pattern of behavior

Question 14

Parallel play

Answer 14

When children play alone but are aware and interested in what another child is doing

Question 15

Simple social play

Answer 15

Occurs when Toddlers engage in for Similar activities and talk or smile at one another

Question 16

Cooperative play

Answer 16

Play that is organized around a theme which each child taking on a different role begins at about two years of age

Question 17

Prosocial behavior

Answer 17

Any behavior that benefits another person

Question 18

Altruism

Answer 18

Prosocial behavior such as helping and sharing in which the individual does not benefit directly from his or her behavior

Question 19

Hope

Answer 19

According to Erickson an openness to new experience tempered by weariness that occurs when trust and miss trust or imbalance