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psychology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Population pyramid

A

population trends

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2
Q

Longevity

A

The number of years a person will live

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3
Q

Average life expectancy

A

Age at which half of the people born in a particular year will have died

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4
Q

Useful life expectancy

A

Number of years a person has that are free from debilitating chronic disease and impairment

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5
Q

Maximum life expectancy

A

Oldest age to which any person lives

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6
Q

Gerontology

A

The study of older adults

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7
Q

Programmed theories

A

Theories that suggest ageing is genetically programmed

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8
Q

Wear and tear theory

A

Theory of ageing that the body much like a machine gradually deteriorates overtime and finally wears out

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9
Q

Free radicals

A

Chemicals produced randomly during the normal cell metabolism that bond Easley to other substances inside cells may cause cellular damage associated with aging

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10
Q

Cross linking

A

some proteins interact randomly with certain body tissues such as muscles and arteries

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11
Q

Cellular theories

A

Theories of ageing that focus on processes that occur with an individual cells which cause the build up of harmful substances over one’s lifetime

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12
Q

Telomeres

A

Tips of the chromosomes which apparently play a major role in limiting the number of times so can divide before dying

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13
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Abnormal filaments found in large numbers of neurons in persons with all Alzheimer’s disease

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14
Q

Neuritic plaques

A

Damaged and dying neurons that collect around the core me of protein

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15
Q

Stroke

A

Interruption in flow of blood in the brain due to a blockage in the cerebral artery

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16
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Breaking any blood vessel that leads to loss of blood

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17
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

Interruptions of blood flow to the brain that often our early-warning signs of stroke

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18
Q

Vascular dementia

A

Disease caused by numerous small cerebrovascular accidents

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19
Q

COPD

A

Most common form of incapacitating respiratory disease among older adults examples are asthma and emphysema

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20
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Common disease among older adults that results in motor problems including slow walking difficulty getting into and out of chairs and hand tremors

21
Q

Presbyopia

A

Difficulty in seeing close objects clearly caused by the inability of the lens to focus as the muscles around it stiffen

22
Q

Presbycusis

A

Loss inability to hear high-pitched tones

23
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

Sleep wake cycle

24
Q

Psychomotor speed

A

Speed with which a person makes a particular response

25
Q

Useful field of view

A

An area from which one can extract visual information in a single glance without turning once had or moving one eyes

26
Q

Working memory

A

The process and structure that holds information in the mind and Simultanously use it to solve a problem making a decision perform some function or learn new information

27
Q

Explicit memory

A

Conscious and intentional reflection of information

28
Q

Implicit memory

A

Effortless reconnection of information

29
Q

Episodic memory

A

Memory class having to do with the conscious be collection of information from a specific time or event

30
Q

Semantic memory

A

the remembering of meanings of words or concepts

31
Q

Autobiographical memory

A

Memories of the significant events and experiences of one’s own life

32
Q

External aids

A

Memory aids that rely on environmental resources such as notebooks or calendars

33
Q

Internal aids

A

Memory aids that realigned mental processes such as imagery

34
Q

Dysphoria

A

Feeling sad or down the most prominent symptom of depression

35
Q

Internal beliefs systems

A

What one tells oneself about why certain things are happening

36
Q

Heterocyclic antidepressants

A

Type of medication used to treat depression

37
Q

MAO

A

Type of medication used to treat depression

38
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

A

Type of medication used to treat depression that alters the bounds of serotonin in the brain

39
Q

Serotonin

A

Neurotransmitter that regulates brain centres to allow people to experience pleasure

40
Q

Behaviour therapy

A

Approach to treating depression based on increasing the number of rewards or reinforcement in the environment

41
Q

Cognitive therapy

A

Approach to depression based on the idea of the maladaptive believes or cognitions about oneself are responsible for depression

42
Q

anxiety disorders

A

Problems such as feelings of severe anxiety for no apparent reason

43
Q

Dementia

A

Family of diseases involving serious impairment of behavioural and cognitive functioning

44
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Disease associated with ageing characterized by gradual to clients and memory learning attention and judgement confusion asked you time and where one is,difficulties in communicating in finding the words might want to use declines and personal hygiene and self-care skills and appropriate social behaviour and changes in personality

45
Q

Amyloid

A

Protein that is producing an abnormally high levels and awls Eimers disease and that may be responsible for the year off for neurofibromas ty triangles and your Neuritic plaque

46
Q

Autosomal dominant inheritance

A

The presence of certain teams means that there is 100% chance of the person inheriting the trait

47
Q

Risk genes

A

Genes that increase one’s risk of getting a disease

48
Q

Spaced retrieval

A

Memory intervention that involves teaching persons with Alzheimer’s disease to remember the information by gradually increasing the time between retrieval attempts

49
Q

Demographers

A

People who study population trends

psychology (18 decks)

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