Formation of Identity

Question 1

Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

created the 5 stages of development
believed in personality and emotional growth

Libido (sex drive) - present at birth

Question 2

Fixation

Answer 2

occurs when a child is overindulged or overly frustrated during a stage of development

Question 3

Neurosis

Answer 3

a response to fixation

a mental disorder a child forms which shows a personality pattern based on that particular stage

Question 4

Oral Stage

Answer 4

ages: 0 - 1
sucking, biting, putting objects in mouth

fixation can lead to excessive dependency

libidinal energy is centered on the mouth
gratification is obtained primarily though putting object in mouth, sucking and biting

Question 5

Anal Stage

Answer 5

ages: 1 - 3
Toilet training occurs during this time; fixation can lead to excessive orderliness or messiness

libidinal energy is centered on the anus
gratification is gained through the elimination and retention of waste materials

Question 6

Phallic stage

Answer 6

ages: 3 - 5

oedipal or electra conflict is resolved during this stage

male child envies his fathers intimate relationship with his mother and fears castration at his fathers hands.
(feeling Guilty) wishes to eliminate the father and possess his mother.

Question 7

sublimates

Answer 7

divert or modify (an instinctual impulse) into a culturally higher or socially more acceptable activity

Question 8

penis envy

Answer 8

the jealousy little girls feel towards boys and the resentment towards their mothers (whom they blame for not having a penis)

Question 9

latency stage

Answer 9

libido is largely sublimated during this stage

Question 10

genital

Answer 10

begins at puberty

if previous stages have been successfully resolved, the person will enter into normal heterosexual relationships

Question 11

Ericksons stages

Answer 11

trust VS mistrust
autonomy VS shame and doubt
initiative VS guilt
industry VS inferiority
identity VS role confusion
intimacy VS isolation
generativity VS stagnation

Question 12

trust VS mistrust

Answer 12

age: 0 - 1
trust: child will come to trust his environment as well as himself
mistrust: child will often be suspicious of the world, possibility throughout his life

Question 13

autonomy VS shame and doubt

Answer 13

age: 1 - 3

favorable outcome: autonomy: feeling able to exert control over the world and to exercise choice as well as self - restraint

unfavorable outcome: a sense of doubt and persistent external locus of control

Question 14

initiative VS guilt

Answer 14

age: 3 - 6

Initiative (favorable): sense of purpose, the ability to initiate activities and the ability to enjoy accomplishment

Guilt: child will be so overcome by the fear of punishment that the child may either unduly restrict himself, or may overcompensate by showing off

Question 15

industry VS inferiority

Answer 15

age: 6 - 12

industry (favorable): child will feel competent, be able to exercise his or her abilities and intelligence in the world and be able to affect the world in the way that the child desires.

inferiority (unfavorable): results in a sense of inadequacy, a sense of inability to act in a competent manner, and low self esteem

Question 16

identity VS role confusion

Answer 16

age: 12 - 20
“physiological revolution”

favorable (identity): outcome is fidelity, the ability to see oneself as a unique and integrated person with sustained loyalties

unfavorable: confusion about ones identity and an amorphous personality that shifts from day to day

Question 17

intimacy VS isolation

Answer 17

age: 20 - 40

favorable (intimacy): love, the ability to have intimate relationships with others and the ability to commit oneself to another person and to ones own goals
unfavorable: avoidance of commitment, alienation, and distancing of oneself form others and ones ideals.

Question 18

generatively VS stagnation

Answer 18

age: 40 - 65

favorable (generatively): individuals capable of being productive,c bring and contributing member of society

unfavorable: not overcome, one acquires a sense of stagnation and mat become self - indulgent, bored and self centered with little care for others.

Question 19

integrity VS despair

Answer 19

age: above 65

favorable (integrity): you will see wisdom (dispatched concern with life itself), dignity, readiness to face death

unfavorable: bitterness about ones life, feeling that life has been worthless, fear over ones death

Question 20

Kohlberg’s stages of

Answer 20

moral development
describes the approaches of individuals to resolving moral dilemmas.
we progress through 6 stages divided into 3 main phases: precvoncentional, conventional and post conventional

Question 21

Vygotsky described the development of

Answer 21

language, culture and skills

Question 22

Zone of proximal development

Answer 22

proposed by Vygotsky

describes those skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other to accomplish

Question 23

common ways children lear from others:

Answer 23

imitations and role taking

Question 24

reference group

Answer 24

our self concept depends on this

a group to which we compare ourselves