Personality

Question 1

Psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 1

views personality as resulting from unconscious urges and desires

Question 2

frauds theories are based on

Psychoanalytic

Answer 2

id (base urges of survival and reproduction)
ego (the mediator between the two and the conscious mind)
superego (the idealist and perfectionist)

Question 3

defense mechanisms 
(Psychoanalytic)

Answer 3

used by the EGO

used to reduce stress caused by the urges of the id and the superego

Question 4

Carl Jung

Psychoanalytic

Answer 4

assumed a collective unconscious that links all humans together.
He viewed the personality as being influenced by archetypes

Question 5

Humanistic perspective

Answer 5

emphasizes the internal feelings of individuals as they strive toward happiness and self realization.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Rogers therapeutic approach of unconditional positive regard flow from the humanistic view of personality

Question 6

Type and Trait theorists

Answer 6

believe that personality can be described as a number of identifiable traits that carry characteristics behaviors

Question 7

Type theories of personalities

Answer 7

Sheldons somatotypes

division into Type A (competitive and compulsive) and Type B (laid back and relaxed)

Question 8

Repression

Answer 8

forcing undesired thought sand urges to the unconscious

unconscious forgetting

Question 9

suppression

Answer 9

deliberate conscious form of forgetting

Question 10

regression

Answer 10

going back to an earlier developmental stage

• kids going back to thumb sucking, temper tantrums
• mostly due to stress

Question 11

reaction formation

Answer 11

suppressing urges by unconsciously converting them into their exact OPPOSITE

Question 12

Projection

Answer 12

individuals attribute their undesired feeling to others

Question 13

Rorschach inkblot test

Answer 13

a test that a client project his unconscious feelings onto the shape

Question 14

Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 14

a test consisting of a series of pictures that are presented to the client, who is asked to make up a story about each one.
this tests the clients own unconscious thought and feelings

Question 15

rationalization

Answer 15

the justification of behaviors in a manner that is acceptable to the self and society

Question 16

displacement

Answer 16

the transference of an undesired urge from one person or object to another

example: someone any at her boss may hold her tongue at work but snap at her spouse when she gets home

Question 17

sublimation

Answer 17

transformation of unacceptable urges into socially acceptable behaviors

Question 18

Carl Jungs Archeatypes:

Answer 18

Persona - the aspect of out personality we present to the world
Anima - a “man’s inner woman”
Animus - a “woman’s inner man”
Shadow - unpleasant and socially reprehensible thoughts, feelings, and actions on our consciousness

Question 19

Carl Jungs 3 dichotomies of personality:

Answer 19

• Extraversion VS Introversion
• Sensing VS Intuiting
• Thinking VS Feeling

Question 20

Carl Jung created which personality test?

Answer 20

Myers - Briggs Type Inventory (MBTI)

Question 21

Inferiority complex

Answer 21

an individual’s sense of incompleteness, imperfection, and inferiority both physically and socially

Question 22

Fictional finalism

Answer 22

concept in Adler’s theory of personality

An individual is motivated more by his expectations of the future than by past experiences

Question 23

Carl Rodgers

Answer 23

believes people have the freedom to control their own behavior

Client centered
Person centered
non directive therapy

Question 24

3 major traits that could be used to describe individuals

Answer 24

—-PEN

P - psychotics (nonconformity)
E - extraversion (tolerance for social interaction and stimulation)
N - neuroticism (arousal in stressful situations

Question 25

3 major traits then expanded to the BIG FIVE

Answer 25

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 26

Allport identified 3 basic types of traits:

Answer 26

cardinal traits (traits around which a person organizes his or her life; not everyone develops a cardinal trait)
central traits (major characteristics of the personality)
secondary (more personal characteristics and are limited in occurrence)

Question 27

Social cognitive

Answer 27

holds that individuals interact with their environment in a cycle called reciprocal determinism.

Question 28

biological theorists

Answer 28

claim that behavior can be explained as a result of genetic expression