Chp13-WholeChapter

Question 1

Emotion?

Answer 1

A complex pattern of changes, including physiological arousal, feelings, cognitive processes and behavioural reactions, made in response to a situation perceived to be personally significant

Question 2

James-Lange theory of emotion?

Answer 2

A peripheral feedback theory of emotion stating that an elicitiing stimulus triggers a behavioural response that sends different sensory and motor feeback to the brain and creates a specific emotion.

Question 3

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?

Answer 3

A theory stating that an emotional stimulus produces two co-occurring reactions - arousal and experience of emotion - that do not cause each other.

Question 4

cognitive appraisal?

Answer 4

The cognitive interpretation and evaluation of a stressor.

Question 5

cognitive appraisal theory of emotion?

Answer 5

The theory that emotion is the joint effect of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal, which determines how an ambigious inner state of arousal will be labelled.

Question 6

stress?

Answer 6

The pattern of specific and nonspecific responses an organism makes to stimulus events that disturb its equilibrium and tax or exceed its ability to cope.

Question 7

stressor?

Answer 7

An internal or external event or stimulus that induces stress.

Question 8

acute stress?

Answer 8

A transient state of arousal with typically clear onset and offset patterns.

Question 9

chronic stress?

Answer 9

A continuous state of arousal in which an individual perceives demands as greater than the inner and outer resources available for dealing with them.

Question 10

fight or flight response?

Answer 10

A sequence of internal activities triggered when an organism is faced with a threat; prepares the body for combat and struggle or for running away to safety.

Question 11

tend or befriend response?

Answer 11

A response to stressors that is hypothesised to be typical for females.

Question 12

general adaption syndrome (GAS) ?

Answer 12

The pattern of non specific adaptational physiological mechanisms that occurs in response to continuing threat by almost any serious stressor.

Question 13

psychosomatic disorders?

Answer 13

Physical disorders aggravated by or primarily attributable to prolonged emotional stress or other psychological causes.

Question 14

Life change unit (LCU) ?

Answer 14

In stress research, the measure of the stress level of a change experienced during a given period.

Question 15

Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

Answer 15

An anxiety disorder characterised by the persistent re-experience of traumatic events through distressing recollections, dreams, hallucinations or dissociative flashbacks.

Question 16

coping?

Answer 16

The process of dealing with internal or external demands that are perceived to be threatening or overwhelming.

Question 17

stress moderator variables?

Answer 17

Variables that change the impact of a stressor on a given type of stress reaction.

Question 18

anticipatory coping?

Answer 18

Efforts made in advance of a potentially stressful event to overcome, reduce or tolerate the imbalance between perceived demands and available resources.

Question 19

perceived control?

Answer 19

The belief that one has the ability to make a difference in the course of the consequences of some event or experience; often helpful in dealing with stressors.

Question 20

social support?

Answer 20

Resources, including material aid, socioemotional support and informational aid, provided by others to help a person cope with stress.

Question 21

health psychology

Answer 21

Field of psychology devoted to understanding the ways people stay healthy, the reasons they become ill, and the ways they respond when they become ill.

Question 22

health?

Answer 22

A general condition of soundness and vigour of body and mind; not simply the absence of illness or injury.

Question 23

Biopsychosocial model?

Answer 23

A model of health and illness that suggests links among the nervous system, the immune system, behavioural styles, cognitive processing and environmental domains of health.

Question 24

wellness?

Answer 24

Optimal health, incorporating the ability to function fully and actively over the physical, intellectual, emotional, spiritual, social and environmental domains of health.

Question 25

health promotion?

Answer 25

The development and implementation of general strategies and specific tactics to eliminate or reduce the risk that people will become ill.

Question 26

AIDS?

Answer 26

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, a syndrome caused by a virus that damages the immune system and weakens the body’s ability to fight infection.

Question 27

HIV?

Answer 27

Human Immunodefiency Virus, a virus that attacks white blood cells (T lymphocytes) in human blood, thereby weakening the function of the immune system; HIV causes AIDS

Question 28

Relaxation response?

Answer 28

A condition in which muscle tension, cortical activity, heart rate, and blood pressure decrease and breathing slows.

Question 29

Biofeedback?

Answer 29

A self regulatory technique by which an individual acquires voluntary control over nonconscious biological processes.

Question 30

psychoneuroimmunology?

Answer 30

The research area that investigates interactions between psychological processes, such as responses to stress, and the functions of the immune system.

Question 31

Type A behaviour pattern?

Answer 31

a complex pattern of behaviours and emotions that includes excessive emphasis on competition, aggression, impatience and hostility; hostility increases the risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 32

Type B behaviour pattern?

Answer 32

As compared to Type A behaviour pattern, a less competitive, less aggressive, less hostile pattern of behaviour and emotion.

Question 33

Job Burnout?

Answer 33

The syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment, often experienced by workers in high stress jobs.