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Radiology procedure > Lower Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

Lower Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

1
Q

Radiographic procedure designed to study large intestine is termed:

A

Barium enema

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2
Q

Where does the small intestine begin?

A

At the pyloric valve of the stomach

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3
Q

The three parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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4
Q

The first part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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5
Q

The shortest widest and most fixed portion of the small bowel

A

Duodenum

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6
Q

What quadrant is e duodenum primary located?

A

RUQ and also extends to the LUQ where it joins the jejunum

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7
Q

Point of where the duodenum joins the jejunum

A

Duodenojejunal flexure

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8
Q

What quadrant is the jejunum primary located

A

LUQ and LLQ

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9
Q

Jejunum makes up what fraction of the small intestine

A

2/5 (two-fifths)

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10
Q

The jejunum contains numerous “mucosal folds.” What are those folds termed as and what is its function

A

These mucosal folds is termed “Plicae circulares” and they increase the surface area to aid with absorption of nutrients and they produce the “feathery appearance” of the jejunum

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11
Q

Radiographic examination specifically of the small intestine is termed:

A

Small bowel series (SBS)

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12
Q

Digestive movement through the small intestine is done by what mechanism?

A

By peristalsis and rhythmic segmentation.

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13
Q

When is the SBS complete?

A

When the contrast has gone through the ileocecal valve and into the large intestine.

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14
Q

Which quadrant does the large intention begins at

A

RLQ

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15
Q

The large bowel is consisted of what

A

Cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

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16
Q

The colon is consisted of what

A 
Ascending colon
rt. Colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
Transverse colon 
LT colic flexure (splenic flexure) 
Descending colon 
Sigmoid colon
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17
Q

Where is the cecum and what is it

A

Cecum is a blind pouch located inferior to the ileocecal valve.

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18
Q

What is attached to the cecum

A

The appendix

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19
Q

Digestive movement through the LARGE bowel is throu what mechanism

A

Peristalsis
Haustral churning
Mass peristalsis
Defecation

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20
Q

Functions of the lower digestive system (small and large bowel)

A

Chemical and mechanical digestion
Absorption of nutrients, water, salt and proteins
Reabsorption of water and inorganic salts
Elimination by defecation

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21
Q

Gases that is produced by bacteria due to the release of hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane during their digestion is termed…

A

Termed flatus…they also aid in breaking down remaining proteins into amino acids

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22
Q

Primary radiographic study to evaluate the large intestine is done through with procedure?

A

Barium Enema

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23
Q

Barium enema is performed to evaluate what?

A

The large intestine. They check for the form, function and detection of abnormal conditions

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24
Q

The cecum is which segment of the large intestine?

A

First part of the large intestine

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25
Q

AP or PA centering of BE?

A

Center at crest and midline

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26
Q

Centering for RAO of BE and what does it show?

A

Center at crest and 1” left of midline.
Shows the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
Ascending colon and sigmoid colon is open

27
Q

Center for LAO of a BE and what does it show?

A

Center 2” above the crest and 1” to the right of the midline.
Shows the left colic flexure (splenic flexure) and descending colon.

28
Q

Why do we center higher for a LAO of the BE?

A

Center higher than the RAO because the left colic flexure (splenic flexure) sits higher than the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

29
Q

Which positioning of the BE shows the splenic flexure “open” (left colic flexure)

A

RPO and LAO

30
Q

Which positioning of BE shows the hepatic flexure (right colic flexure) and the sigmoid “open”?

A

LPO and RAO

31
Q

Finger like projections is termed?

A

Villi

32
Q

What happens to the internal diameter as we move from duodenum to the ileum?

A

The internal diameter gets progressively smaller.

33
Q

The large intestine consist of what 4 major parts

A

Cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

34
Q

The colon consist of how many sections and flexure so

A

4 sections and 2 flexures.

35
Q

The ileocecal valve consist of what

A

Consist of 2 lips that extend into the large bowel.

36
Q

Function of the ileocecal valve

A

Acts as sphincter to prevent contents of ileum from passing too quickly into cecum. Prevent reflux of large bowel into ileum.

37
Q

The term “vermiform” means…

A

“Wormlike”

38
Q

The rectum follows what curve

A

Rectum closely follows the sacrococcygeal curve

39
Q

Direction of rectum, rectal ampulla and anal canal

A

Rectum- inferior and posterior
Rectal ampulla - inferior and anterior
Anal canal- inferior and posterior

40
Q

3 differences between large intestine to small intestine

A 
Large intestine is : 
Larger internal diameter. 
Contains taeniae coli (bands of longitudinal muscle) 
Contains haustra ("pouches") 
Large sits around the periphery while small is centrally located
41
Q

Barium distribution for supine

A

Air in transverse colon and loops of sigmoid colon

Barium in ascending and descending and parts of sigmoid

42
Q

Barium distribution in prone position

A

Air in ascending and descending and rectum

Barium in transverse colon and loops of sigmoid

43
Q

Which sections of the small bowel appears feathery and which one appears smoother

A

Duodenum and jejunum is feathery

Ileum is smoother

44
Q

Percentage of water that is being reabsorbed in the small intestine

A

95% of water

45
Q

Primary function of the large intestine

A

Elimination of feces (defecation)

46
Q

Composition of feces

A

65% water and 35% solid matter

47
Q

How long does it take the barium to reach the ileocecal valve after ingestion

A

Enters the stomach and reaches the ileocecal valve in 2-3 hours

48
Q

What is celiac disease

A

Form of sprue or malabsorption that affects the proximal smal bowel especially the proximal duodenum. It involves the insoluble protein (gluten) found in cereal grains.

49
Q

Since the muscle of the abdominal muscles relaxes on expiration, the enema tip should be inserted during what respiration?

A

Exhalation

50
Q

Patient should be placed in what position for the insertion of the BE tip?

A

Sims position (patient laying on left side with right leg up and over)

51
Q

The total insertion of the tip should NOT exceed what length to prevent injury to the wall of the rectum ?

A

3-4 cm.

52
Q

The enema bag should be at what height?

A

No higher than 24 inches (60cm)

53
Q

Insertion direction of the enema tip?

A

On expiration, dies the the enema tip towards the umbilicus approx. 1-1.5 inches. Then advance up superiorly and anteriorly.

54
Q

The safety concerns of BE:

A

Review pt. chart
Never force enema tip
Height of enema bag should not exceed 24inches (60cm)
Check water temp of the contrast.
Escort pt. to restroom after every BE study

55
Q

Centering of small bowels series

A

2” above crest then after an hour, center at crest

56
Q

kVp for single contrast, double contrast and water soluble

A

Single: 100-125
Double: 90-100
Water soluble: 80-90

57
Q

RAO/LPO what is open

A

Hepatic flexure
Ascending colon
Sigmoid colon

58
Q

LAO/RPO what is open

A

Splenic flexure

59
Q

Why do we center higher for LAO?

A

To include the left colic flexure (splenic) because it sits higher than the right colic flexure.

60
Q

Why do we do lateral rectum

A

To evaluate the region between the rectum and bladders

61
Q

Centering for lateral rectum?

A

Level of ASIS and 2 inches posterior

62
Q

Centering for Ap sigmoid shot

A

Center 2” inferior of ASIS and 30-40 cephalad angle

63
Q

Centering for post evac film

A

Center at crest. Can be AP or PA

Radiology procedure (8 decks)

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