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Radiology procedure > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The supra renal glands on each kidney is known as

A

Adrenal glands

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2
Q

What structures are retroperitoneal (behind)

A

Kidneys and ureters

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3
Q

Which structures are infraperitoneal (below)

A

Bladder and urethra

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4
Q

The urinary system is consisted of what

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder and 1 urethra

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5
Q

Purpose of ureters

A

Transportation channels for urine from kidneys to bladder.

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6
Q

Purpose of bladder

A

Serves as a reservoir that stores urine.

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7
Q

The right kidney sits lower than the left due to what

A

Due to the liver pushing it down

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8
Q

Kidney orientation to the coronal plane

A

Normal kidney location is about 30 degrees posterior to the coronal plane

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9
Q

What position will place the RIGHT kidney parallel to the IR

A

30degrees LPO

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10
Q

what position will place the LEFT kidney parallel to the IR

A

30degress RPO

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11
Q

Normal kidney location

A

top of LEFT kidney: T11-T12

Bottom of RIGHT kidney: L3

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12
Q

Each kidney is surrounded by a mass of fatty tissue that is termed

A

Adipose capsule OR perirenal fat

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13
Q

What causes the kidneys to have a 30degrees rotation

A

The psoas muscles and the midline location of the vertebral column

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14
Q

Upon inspiration/expiration and standing erect, how far does the kidneys move?

A

2 inches

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15
Q

Primary functions of the urinary system

A

Production and elimination of urine

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16
Q

The kidneys are fed blood by what?

A

Kidneys are fed by right and left renal arteries, directly off of the aorta

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17
Q

The returning vein or renal veins returns the blood to where

A

Returns the blood directly to the IVC (inferior vena cava)

18
Q

Structures like the renal artery/vein, nerves and urters all enters and exit where in the kidney

A

All occurs at the hilum

19
Q

What are the 2 poles of the kidneys

A

Upper and lower poles

20
Q

What forces urine from the kidney, down the ureter, to the bladder

A

Gravity and peristalsis

21
Q

What are the 3 constricted points of each ureters

A

UPJ (ureteropelvic junction)
Pelvic brim
UVJ (ureterovesical junction)

22
Q

What is a trigone

A

The area of the bladder where the ureters enters and the urethra exits

23
Q

What is UPJ

A

Ureteropelvic juntion: first constricted points where the renal pelvis funnels down into the small ureter.

24
Q

What is UVJ

A

Ureterovesical junction: the third constricted point where the ureter joins the bladder.

25
Q

On males, what surround the urethra

A

The prostrate gland. It produces fluid that improves the motility of the sperm during production

26
Q

Total capacity of bladder

A

350-500mL

27
Q

The urge to urinate begins at what bladder capacity

A

250mL

28
Q

2 types of iodinated contrast media used in urology

A

Ionic and non-ionic

29
Q

Ionic vs non-ionic

A

Ionic has a Higher osmolality therefore a greater chance of reaction.

Non-ionic has a lower osmolality therefore a less chance of reaction.

30
Q

Blood chemistry to check prior to use of contrast :

A

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) should be 8-25mg per 100mL

Creatinine level: should be 0.6-1.5 mg/dL

31
Q

What are the categories of contrast media reactions

A 
Local reactions (to area where injected) 
Systemic reaction (entire body or specific organ system)
32
Q

A mild, non allergic reaction includes:

A

Nausea
Vomiting
Metallic taste
Warm flush sensation.

33
Q

A moderate, anaphylactic reaction includes:

A

Moderate to severe hives
Tachycardia/bradycardia
Hypotension

34
Q

A severe, vasovagal reaction includes:

A

Loss of consciousness
Cardiac arrest
Respiratory arrest
No detectable pulse

35
Q

Contraindications of using contrast media

A 
Diabetes 
Hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast media 
CHF 
Renal failure 
Renal disease
36
Q

Functional tests includes

A 
IVU 
Voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
37
Q

Basic positions for urinary system includes:

A 
AP KUB
30degrees posterior obliques 
Prone abdomen 
Erect KUB 
Tomos (3 cuts to catch the "blush" of the kidney
38
Q

Basic prep for IVU:

A

NPO 6-8hrs
Enema morning of study to clean bowel
No food

39
Q

Non function exams include:

A

Retrograde urography

Retrograde cystography

40
Q

What are the 2 ways to visualize the urinary system

A

Injection of contrast in a vein

Direct injection into the system by catheter

Radiology procedure (8 decks)

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