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Radiology procedure > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

How many cranial bones are there and name them.

A 
8 cranial bones 
Frontal
Parietal ( rt and left) 
Occipital
Temporal (rt and left) 
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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2
Q

The skullcap or top of the skull is also termed?

A

Calvarium

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3
Q

The calvarium (skullcap) is consisted of how many of the cranial bones and which of them make up the calvarium

A

4 bones of the Top (Top= FOP)

Frontal
Occipital
Rt and left Parietal

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4
Q

How many of the cranial bones makes up the floor of the skull and which ones are they

A

Floor of skull (TEST)

Rt Temporal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Left temporal

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5
Q

Which cranial bone brings/articulates with all of the cranial bones

A

Sphenoid

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6
Q

Which part of the frontal bone forms the forehead

A

Squamous/ vertical portion

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7
Q

Which part of the frontal bone forms the superior part of the orbits

A

Orbital/ horizon portion

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8
Q

What is the glabella

A

Smooth, raised prominence just above the ridge of the nose

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9
Q

Supraorbital groove (SOG)

A

Slight depression above each eyebrow

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10
Q

Supraorbital margin (SOM)

A

Superior margin/ rim of each orbital

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11
Q

Superciliary ridge/ arch

A

Bone between eyebrow and the SOM (supraorbital margin)

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12
Q

Frontal bone articulations

A

Frontal bone articulate with 4 cranial bones: rt. and left parietal, sphenoid and ethmoid

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13
Q

Widest portion of the skull?

A

Widest portion is located between the 2 parietal tubercles (or eminence) of the 2 parietal bones

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14
Q

Articulations of the parietal bones

A

Each parietal bone articulates with 5 cranial bones: frontal occipital, temporal, sphenoid and the opposite parietal bone.

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15
Q

What is the external occipital protuberance ( aka inion)

A

Prominent bump at the inferoposterior portion of skull. It is the point for muscle attachment

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16
Q

What is the foramen magnum

A

Large opening at the base of the occipital theories which the spinal cord passes through. It literally means “great hole”

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17
Q

What is found on the sides of the foramen magnum?

A

On each side of the foramen magnum are the lateral occipital condyles. These articulates with the depression on the first cervical vertebra ( the atlas) this articulation of the skull and cspine forms the atlanto-occipital joint.

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18
Q

Articulations of the occipital bone

A

Occipital bone articulate with 6 bones: rt and left parietal, rt and left temporal, sphenoid and the atlas ( the first cervical vertebra)

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19
Q

Which cranial bone houses the delicate organ of hearing and balance

A

The rt and left temporal bone

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20
Q

The temporal bone is divided into 3 primary parts. What are they.

A

First: squamous portion. Thin and is the most vulnerable portion of the entire skull to fracture.

Second: mastoid portion. Many air cells are housed here
Third: petrous portion (aka petrous pyramid or pars petrosa) it houses the organ of hearing and equilibrium, including the mastoid air cells

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21
Q

Where is the location of the petrous ridge?

A

The petrous ridge, aka petrous apex, is located at the upper border or ridge of the petrous pyramid.

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22
Q

True or false: the petrous pyramid is the thickest and densest bone in the cranium.

A

True

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23
Q

The petrous ridge corresponds to what level

A

Petrous ridge corresponds to the level of TEA (Top Ear Attachment)

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24
Q

What does the sella turcica look like on the sphenoid bone

A

The central depression on the body of the sphenoid.

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25
Q

What does the sella turcica partially surrounds and protect?

A

Sella turcica protects the pituitary gland.

26
Q

There are three pairs of small openings that exist in the greater wings of the sphenoid. What are they and what do they serves as

A 
The three small foramina: ROS 
Rotundum
Ovale 
Spinosum
They serves as passage for cranial nerves.
27
Q

Where is the connection point for nerves in the sphenoid bone?

A

Connection point for nerves begins at the chiasmatic (optic) groove. These nerves then leads to the optic canal and finally to the optic foramen, an opening to the orbits.

28
Q

Small “hook” like process on the sphenoid bone

A

Pterygoid hamuli

29
Q

Medial and lateral to the pterygoid hamuli (“hooks”) is what? And what Do they form?

A

The medial and lateral pterygoid process (“legs”). They form part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

30
Q

The cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone contains what?

A

Small branches of olfactory nerves ( smell)

31
Q

Located superiorly of the cribiform plate is the crista Galli. This portion touches what,

A

Crista Galli touches the brain

32
Q

The lateral labyrinth masses of the ethmoid bones contains what and what cavity does it lies within?

A

The lateral labyrinth masses contains air cells or sinuses and it
It’s within the nasal cavity.

33
Q

Within the lateral labyrinth masses are small projections. What are they called.

A

They are superior and middle nasal concha.

34
Q

Articulation of the ethmoid bone

A

Articulates with 2 cranial bone: frontal and sphenoid

35
Q

The articulations or joints of the cranial bones are termed?

A

Sutures.

36
Q

Joint classification of the sutures

A

The sutures are fibrous and in adults they are synarthrodial (immovable)

37
Q

What is the only moveable joint in the cranium?

A

Only moveable joint is the TMJ (temporomandibular joint)

38
Q

True or false: the calvarium of an infant is very large in proportion to the rest of the body

A

True

39
Q

“Soft spots” on an infants skull is termed

A

Anterior and posterior fontanels

40
Q

The anterior fontanel is the largest at birth and does not fully closed until what age

A

Roughly 18 months of age

41
Q

What are the four sutures of the skull ( they’re the same in infant and adults)

A

Coronal suture
Saginaw suture
Squamosal suture
Lamdoidal suture

42
Q

Sutural, or Wormian, bones are also termed what

A

Also termed “island of bones”. They are small, irregular, isolated bones that sometimes form in the adult skull

43
Q

What structures are found in the petrous portion of the temporal bones

A

The organs of hearing and equilibrium are the main structures found

44
Q

The opening or canal of the external ear is termed what

A

EAM ( External Acoustic Meatus)

45
Q

The middle ear contains what

A

Tympanic membrane
3 auditory ossicles ( malleus “hammer”, incus “anvil”, stapes)
Tympanic cavity

46
Q

What is the Eustachian tube

A

Passageway between middle ear and the nasopharyx. It leads to the throat and serves to equalize the pressure of the middle ear to the outside atmospheric pressure.

47
Q

The three auditory ossicles of the middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes) purpose?

A

These three bones transmit sound vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window of the inner ear.

48
Q

Depression fracture of the skull is also called ?

A

Ping pong fracture

49
Q

Paget’s disease gives up what kind of an approach

A

Colton wool appearance

50
Q

What are the 3 skull morphology

A

Mesocephalic ( stenic; avg. )
Brachycephalic ( wide side to side)
Dolichocephalic (long front to back)

51
Q

Rotation of the head dis determined by what line

A

MSP (mid Sagital plane)

52
Q

Tilt is determined by what line

A

IP Line (InterPupillary line)

53
Q

Reid’s base line is an older term that describe what

A

Neutral position of the head

54
Q

Skull series contains what views

A

Townes: (depress chin, OML perpendicular to IR, 30 caudad, CR to 2.5” above glabella)
Lateral: (side of interest to IR, IPL perp.,IOML perp. to front edge of IR, CR to 2” above EAM)
Caldwell: (PA, OML perp to IR, CR 15 caudad to exit at nasion)
PA : (normal PA. No angle, OML perp to IR, center to exit at glabella

55
Q

AP or PA will magnified the orbital?

A

AP will magnify the orbital

56
Q

A TRUE PA Caldwell will demonstrate what?

A

A TRUE PA Caldwell will show the petrous ridges at the lower 1/3 of the orbits

57
Q

Where are the petrous ridges on a normal, no angle PA?

A

At the very top of the orbits.

58
Q

Can you visualize the roof of the orbits in a normal, no angle PA?

A

No

59
Q

Can you visualize the roof of the orbits in a PA Caldwell?

A

Yes

60
Q

kVp for skull

A

80-85 in all views

61
Q

SID for skull

A

40”

62
Q

Describe SMV view

A

Hyperextension of neck until IOML is parallel to IR, and CR to 1.5” below mandibular symphysis

Radiology procedure (8 decks)

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