proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

what are proteins made of

A

amino acids

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2
Q

how many amino acids do we need and how do we get all of them

A

20we eat nine of them daily and from those 9 we can make the other 11

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3
Q

what is a ZWITTERION

A

no overall charge but separate parts which are + and - acids donate protons and bases accept them

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4
Q

what is a dipeptide

A

to proteins which form a peptide bond between the nitrogen and carbon atoms and H2O is formed in the process

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5
Q

what is the primary sequence in proteins

A

sequence of amino acids in a protein

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6
Q

what is the secondary structure in proteins

A

hydrogen bonds between amine and carboxylic acids to form an alpha helix or beta pleated sheets dependant on the stregth of the bond

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7
Q

what is the tertiary structure of proteins

A

bonds between the R groups in polypeptides

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8
Q

what bonds do sulphur containing R groups form and give examples

A

disulphide bridges between cysteine and methionine

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9
Q

positive and negative charged R groups from……

A

ionic bonds

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10
Q

where are hydrophobic R groups and how do they interact

A

in centre of protein and have hydrophobic interactions

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11
Q

wat bonds do R groups form with other R groups OR water molecules

A

hydrogen bonds

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12
Q

what is the quaternary structure of proteins

A

some proteins consist of more than one polypeptide held in a 3D structure

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13
Q

what are the chains in quaternary structures held by

A

the same bonds as tertiary structures

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14
Q

what are groups do quaternary structures involve

A

non amino acid groups called prosthetic groups

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15
Q

give examples of prosthetic groups

A

metal ions, sugar vitamins and methyl groups

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16
Q

what are globular proteins and give properties

A

a roughly spherical shaped protein soluble

17
Q

what type of protein are enzymes

A

globular

18
Q

give an example of a globular protein

A

haemoglobin4 polypeptides - 2 alpha 2 beta chain subunits4 harm groups containing iron

19
Q

what is a fibrous protein and give properties

A

llong chains of fibre structures containing all 4 structures

20
Q

give an example of a fibrous protein

A

collagen found in skin teeth bones blood vessel wallsfibres form a triple helix bonded by hydrogen bonds

21
Q

how can you test for proteins

A

2cm^3 of solution with 2cm^3 of biuret solution cover and invertif it turns purple it is positive for protein

22
Q

uses of water

A

hydrolisiscondensation reaction thermoregulation transport