cell reproduction/genetics Flashcards
Simplest;bacteria make a copy of their DNA, then the bacteria splits into 2 new cells
Binary fission
Why do cells divide?
- to maintain a workable ratio of volume to surface area, so they can continue to grow and maintain easy transport of materials by diffusion.
- to increase the total number of cells so an organism can grow.
- cell division allows organisms to replace or repair worn out,old,or damaged cells.
- to reproduce
Yeast, “pinching” off a small part of the cell with a copy of DNA.
Budding
Molds and fungi, like a “mini” cell or seed; a cell wall forms around a copy of the chromosomes (DNA).
Spores
Plants strawberries, plants send out runners that take root (for example kudzu)
Vegetative propagation
Starfish, growing out a new individual from a fragment. Regeneration is re growing a body part that was lost or damaged
Fragmentation or regeneration
In somatic cells, somatic cells are all of the cells of the body except the reproductive cells.
Mitosis
Sex cells
Gametes
Joining of sperm and egg, which forms a new cell called a zygote.
Fertilization
Fertilization in reptiles, birds, and mammals are….
Internal
Fertilization in fish and invertebrates are…
External
The carrier of genetic information
Chromosome
They consist of two arms called chromatids that are joined near the middle by a centromere
Chromosome
When the cell is not dividing, they form a diffused mass of long, thin fibers called chromatin
Chromosome
During division, the chromatin coil up and contract to form shorter, thick things that are visible under a light microscope.
Chromosome