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Pathology (F) > Hemodynamic disorders > Flashcards

Hemodynamic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Morphologic hallmark of edema

A

Clearing and separation of extracellular matrix and subtle cell swelling

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2
Q

% Body water in the ECF

A

30%

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3
Q

% Body water in the interstitium

A

15%

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4
Q

Conditions that may lead to anasarca

A

Heart failure
Malnutrition
Dec hepatic synthesis
Nephrotic syndrome

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5
Q

Type of edema fluid that is low in CHON and cell content; presents as pitting edema

A

Transudate

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6
Q

Type of edema fluid that has high CHON and cell content; presents as non-pitting edema

A

Exudate

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7
Q

ACTIVE process in w/c arteriolar dilation leads to inc BF

A

Hyperemia

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8
Q

PASSIVE process resulting from reduced outflow of blood from tissue

A

Congestion

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9
Q

What part of the liver undergoes steatosis when there is ischemia?

A

Periportal

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10
Q

What part of the liver undergoes coagulation necrosis when there is ischemia?

A

Centrilobular

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11
Q

Morphologic finding in chronic hepatic congestion where there is hemorrhagic centrilobular hepatocytes against uncongested tan liver; usually d/t R-sided HF

A

Nutmeg liver

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12
Q

> 3mm hemorrhages; assoc w/ vasculitis

A

Purpura

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13
Q

1-2cm subcutaneous hematomas

A

Ecchymoses

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14
Q

Accumulation of blood w/in tissues; “bruise w/ bump”

A

Hematoma

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15
Q

1-2mm hemorrhages into the skin, mucous membranes or serousal surfaces; usually d/t plt dysfx

A

Petechiae

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16
Q

Triad of HSP

A

Arthritis
Abdominal pain
Renal glomerulonephritis

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17
Q

Age of blue-green ecchymosis

A

5-7 days post-injury

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18
Q

Age of ecchymosis with a gold-brown color

A

> 2 weeks

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19
Q

% blood volume lost in hemorrhagic shock

A

> 20%

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20
Q

4 processes in hemostasis

A

Arteriolar vasoconstriction: endothelin
Primary hemostasis: Plt adherence, activatin
Secondary hemostasis: F3,4, thrombin, fibrin
Thrombotic, anti-thrombotic mechanisms (tPA limit plug)

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21
Q

Amplifies plt aggregation

A

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

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22
Q

Complex deficient in Glanzmann thrombasthenia; for plt aggregation

A

GpIIb-IIIa complex

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23
Q

Deficient in Bernard-Soulier syndrome; for plt adhesion

A

GpIb

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24
Q

Factor found in subendothelium; reacts with GpIb

A

Von Willebrand factor

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25
Q

Gp IIb-IIIa inhibitors

A

Abciximab
Eptofibatide
Tirofiban

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26
Q

Virchow’s triad of thrombosis

A

Endothelial injury
Hypercoagulability
AbN blood flow

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27
Q

Most common primary hypercoagulable state

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

inc F8,9,11 or fibrinogen

28
Q

Type of heparin that may induce Abs that recognizes complexes of heparin and plt factor 4

A

Unfractionated heparin

29
Q

Antibodies involved in APAS

A

Anticardiolipin

Lupus anticoagulant

30
Q

What test will get a false-positive result in APAS?

A

RPR

test for FTA-ABS

31
Q

What activity is inihibited in APAS?

A

t-PA activity

32
Q

Morphologic sign in antemortem thrombosis; pale plt and fibrin deposits alt w/ darker red cell-rich layers

A

Lines of Zahn

33
Q

Post mortem lividity starts when after death?

A

20 mins- 3 hrs

34
Q

Thrombi occurring in heart chambers or in aortic lumen

A

mural thrombosis

35
Q

Thrombosis that occurs at sites of turbulence; freq in the coronaries

A

Arterial thrombosis

36
Q

Thrombosis that occurs on sites of stasis; freq on LE

A

Venous thrombosis

37
Q

Thrombi on the heart valves

A

Vegetations

38
Q

Consumptive cogaulopathy

A

DIC

39
Q

Most common cause of native valve endocarditis

A

Viridans strep

40
Q

Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

S. epidermidis

41
Q

Bacterium implicated in marantic endocarditis

A

Step. bovis

42
Q

Classic signs of pulmonary embolism

A

Accentuated pulmonic cmpt of S2
Neck vein engorgement
Low-grade fever
Tachycardia and tachypnea

43
Q

Embolism in the pulmonary artery bifurcation

A

Saddle embolus

44
Q

Complication of pulmonary embolism that occurs w/ R-sided HF

A

Cor pulmonale

45
Q

ECG manifestation of pulmonary embolism

A

Sinus tachy

46
Q

Gold standard in dx PE

A

Pulmonary angiography

47
Q

DVT that presents as a pale, painful leg w/ diminished arterial pulse d/t congestion

A

Phelgmasia alba dolens

48
Q

DVT that presents as cyanotic, painful leg d/t extensive thrombotic occlusion

A

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens

49
Q

80% of mural thrombi arises from what part of the heart?

A

Anterior wall

50
Q

Embolism that occurs with long bone fractures

A

Fat embolism

51
Q

Amount of air that causes air embolism

A

> 100cc

52
Q

Inc amt of dissolved N in the pulmonary vasculature

A

chokes

53
Q

Ischemic necrosis of femoral heads, tibia and humerus

A

Caisson disease

54
Q

Embolism usually experienced postpartum; 80% mortality

A

Amniotic fluid embolism

55
Q

Valvular heart defect leading to septic embolism

A

Tricuspid valve embolism

56
Q

Organism usually involved in septic embolism

A

Staph. aureus

57
Q

Infarction occurring on tissues with dual circulation

A

Red infarction

58
Q

Infarction occurring on organs w/ end-arterial circulation (heart, spleen, kidneys)

A

White infarction

59
Q

Beck’s triad of cardiac tamponade

A

Muffled heart sound
Neck vein engorgement
Hypotension

60
Q

ECG finding in cardiac tamponade

A

low-voltage complex

61
Q

What shock does burn patients suffer from?

A

Hypovolemic shock

62
Q

Most severe form of meningoccemia

A

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome

63
Q

What reflex should be tested in patients suspected w/ neurogenic shock?

A

Anal sphincter reflex

64
Q

Ig involved in anaphylactic shock

A

IgE

65
Q

Shock that presents with bradycardia and warm extremities, d/t peripheral pooling blood and loss of vascular tone

A

Neurogenic shock

66
Q

Best parameter for measuring blood volume in shock

A

PCWP

Pathology (F) (20 decks)

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