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Pathology (F) > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Cloudy urine

A 
Inc phosphates (w/ alk P)
Inc uric acid (acidic pH)
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2
Q

Sp Gr > 1.023

A

Intrinsic renal disease

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3
Q

Alkaline pH + ammonia

A

Proteus infx

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4
Q

Alkaline pH

A

Vegan

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5
Q

Acidic pH

A

meat eater

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6
Q

CBG level that can cause glucosuria

A

> 200 mg/dL

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7
Q

Ketones in urine

A

DKA
Starvation
Pregnancy

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8
Q

Inc urine bilirubin

(-) Urobilinogen

A

Obstructive jaundice

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9
Q

No urine bilirubin

Inc UBG

A

Hemolytic anemia

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10
Q

Inc urine bilirubin

Inc UBG

A

Hepatitis

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11
Q

Sterile pyuria

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

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12
Q

Oval fat bodies in urine

A

nephrotic syndrome

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13
Q

RBC cast

A

Nephritic syndrome

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14
Q

WBC cast

A

Acute pyelonephritis

Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis

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15
Q

Waxy cast

A

Chronic renal failure

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16
Q

Granular cast (muddy ground)

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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17
Q

Inc BUN and crea

A

Azotemia

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18
Q

Inc BUN, Crea + symptoms

A

Uremia

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19
Q

Nephritic syndrome
Hypercellularity, granular IF, subepith humps
GAHBS
Elevated ASO

A

PSGN

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20
Q

Nephritic syndrome
Has 3 types (Anti-GBM, immunecomplex, pauci-immune)
Crescents, linear IF, rupture in GBM

A

RPGN

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21
Q 
Nephrotic syndrome
Diffuse uniform thickening
Subepith deposits
Spike and dome
Mostly idiopathic, if not 2ndary to solid tumors, penicillamine, SLE, infx
A

Membranous glomerulopathy

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22
Q

MOA: Cytokine damaging visceral epith
Normal LM, IF
EM: effacement of foot processes
Tx: Steroids

A

Minimal change disease

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23
Q 
Nephrotic syndrome
Thickened GBM, tram-track
Granular dense deposits on IF
Subendothelial dense deposit on EM
May lead to RPGN
A

Membranoproliferative GN

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24
Q

Secondary MPGN occurs in:

A

alpha-1 antitrypsin def
Chronic immune complex
CLL, lymphoma
Hereditary dse of complement CHONs

25
Q 
Obese, heroin-addict, HIV-infected
Sickle cell dse
2ndary event in other GN
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults
Renal failure in 2 yrs
A

FSGS

26
Q

Where does the pathology occur in IgA nephropathy?

A

Mesangium

27
Q

Isolated hematuria
Defective GBM synthesis (AbN Collagen 4)
(+) sensorineural HL
(+) eye d/o

A

Alport’s syndrome

28
Q

Isolated hematuria
Involves type 4 collagen
(-) hearing loss

A

Thin BM disease

29
Q

Hallmark of ESRD

A

Symmetrically contracted kidneys in Chronic GN

30
Q

Cortical thickness in Chronic GN

A
31
Q

Systemic diseases that cause glomerular lesions

A 
SLE
HSP
Bac endocarditis
DM
Amyloidosis
32
Q

Syndrome assoc with lupus nephropathy types 1-4

A

Nephritic syndrome

33
Q

Syndrome assoc w/ Type V DM nephropathy

A

Nephrotic syndrome

34
Q

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules
Fibrin caps
Capsular drops

A

DM nephropathy

35
Q

Assoc w/ multiple myeloma
Nephrotic
(+) congo red stain

A

Amyloidosis

36
Q

2ndary hypovolemia
Patchy necrosis
Shorter tubules
PCT and LH

A

Ischemic type ATN

37
Q

2ndary to aminoglycoside, IV contrast, heavy metals
Extensive necrosis
PCT, DT affected

A

Toxic type ATN

38
Q

Most common cause of tubulo-interstitial nephritis

A

Pyelonephritis

39
Q

Acute TI nephritis has intestitial edema and ___ infiltration

A

leukocyte

40
Q

Chronic TI nephritis has intestitial fibrosis and ___ infiltration

A

Monocyte

41
Q

Most common bacteria causing pyelonephritis

A

E. coli

42
Q

Pathognomonic findings of pyelonephritis

A

Pyuria + WBC casts

43
Q

Virus assoc w/ kidney transplant pts presenting w/ pyelonephritis

A

Polyoma virus

44
Q

Drug causing papillary necrosis

A

Phenacetin

45
Q

TI nephritis w/ renal scarring and blunting of calyces

A

Chronic TI nephritis

46
Q

How many days after drug intake will you expect sx of acute drug-induced intertstitial nephritis?

A

15 days

47
Q

Blood finding in analgesic nephropathy

A

Anemia out of proportion to renal insufficiency

48
Q

Nephropathy due to aristolocholic acid

Inc incidence if carcinoma of kidneys and urinary tract

A

Chinese herb nephropathy

49
Q 
Bence jones proteins
Tamm-Horsfall glycoCHONs
Amyloidosis
Light chain deposition
HyperCa, Hyperuricemia
A

Multiple myeloma

50
Q

Most common renal disease in pts with essential HPN

A

Benign nephrosclerosis

51
Q

Nephrosclerosis assoc w/ malignant HPN
Flea bitten kidneys
onion-skinning, fibrinoid necrosis

A

Malignant nephrosclerosis

52
Q

Common in young F
Small kidneys w/ diffuse ischemic atrophy
d/t atheromatous plaque

A

Renal artery sclerosis

53
Q

Most common type of kidney stone

A 
Calcium oxalate (adult)
Calcium phosphate (children)
54
Q

Struvite stones
Staghorn calculi
assoc w/ Proteus
Coffin-lid appearance

A

Mg NH4 stone

55
Q

Dx test of choice in diagnosing Kidney stones

A

CT stonogram

56
Q

Ca assoc w/ Von Hippel Lindau syndrome
RF: M, smoking, APKD, obesity, asbestos exposure, Pb
More on upper pole of kidney

A

Renal cell CA

57
Q

Most common type of renal cell CA

A

Clear cell

58
Q

Painless hematuria
Transitional cell CA
Causes: Phenacetin, Smoking, Aniline dyes, cyclophosphamide

A

Urothelial CA

59
Q

Black urine

A

Alkaptonuria

Pathology (F) (20 decks)

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