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Pathology (F) > Neoplasia > Flashcards

Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

Non-neoplastic normal tissue in a foreign location

A

Choristoma

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2
Q

Replacement of 1 adult cell type w/ another, often 2ndary to irritation and envt’l exposure

A

Metaplasia

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3
Q

Abnormal growth w/ loss of cellular orientation, shape and size

A

Dysplasia

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4
Q

Abnormal cells lacking differentiation

A

Anaplasia

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5
Q

Uncontrolled and excessive clonal proliferation of cells

A

Neoplasia

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6
Q

Fibrous tissue formation in response to neoplasm

A

Desmoplasia

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7
Q

Mutations that cause sustained activity of the genes

A

Proto-oncogenes

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8
Q

Mutations causing unregulated cell proliferation

A

Tumor suppressor genes

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9
Q

Non-neoplastic overgrowth of disorganized tissue indigenous to a particular site

A

Hamartoma

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10
Q

Neoplasia that has not invaded the BM; high NC ratio and clumped chromatin; tumor cells are monoclonal

A

In Situ Carcinoma

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11
Q

Neoplasia that invaded the BM using collagenases and hydrolases

A

Invasion

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12
Q

Accompanies neoplasia where tumor cells spread to distant sites; Dec cadherin, inc laminin and integrin receptors

A

Metastasis

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13
Q

Degree of cellular differentiation based on histo pattern

A

Tumor grade

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14
Q

Degree of local spread

A

Tumor stage

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15
Q

Most common CA’s in children

A

ALL
CNS tumors
Burkitt’s lymphoma

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16
Q

Most common CAs in men

A

Prostate
Lung
Colorectal

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17
Q

Most common CAs in women

A

Breast
Lung
Colorectal

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18
Q

Cancers w/ highest mortality among men

A

Lung
Prostate
Colorectal

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19
Q

Cancers w/ highest mortality among women

A

Lung
Breast
Colorectal

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20
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ Down syndrome

A

ALL

AML

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21
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ Xeroderma pigmentosum and albinism

A

Melanoma
BCC
SCC of the skin

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22
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postSX gastric remnants

A

Gastric adenoCA

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23
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ tuberous sclerosis

A

Astrocytoma
Angiomyolipoma
Cardiac rhabdomyoma

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24
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ actinic keratosis

A

SCC of the skin

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25
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ Barrett esophagus

A

Esophageal adenoCA

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26
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ Plummer-Vinson syndrome

A

SCC of the esophagus

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27
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular CA

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28
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ ulcerative colitis

A

Colonic adenoCA

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29
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ Paget’s disease of the bone

A

2ndary osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma

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30
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ immunodef d/o’s

A

malignant lymphoma

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31
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ AIDS

A

Aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkin’s)

32
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ autoimmune dses

A

Lymphoma

33
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ acanthosis nigricans

A

visceral malignancy

34
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ dysplastic nevus

A

Malignant melanoma

35
Q

Assoc malignancy w/ radiation exposure

A

Sarcoma

Papillary thyroid CA

36
Q

CA common in China

A

Nasopharyngeal CA d/t EBV

37
Q

Common CA in Japan

A

Gastric adenoCA d/t smoked foods

38
Q

Common CA in SEA

A

HCCA d/t HBV and aflatoxin

39
Q

Common CA in Africa

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma d/t EBV

40
Q

Assoc w/ HTLV 1

A

Adult T-cell lymphoma

41
Q

Assoc w/ mycoses fungoides

A

cutaneous T cell lymphoma

42
Q

Carcinogen in hepatocellular CA

A

Aflatoxin

43
Q

Carcinogen in Liver Angiosarcoma

A

Vinyl chloride

44
Q

Carcinogen in centrilobular necrosis and fatty liver

A

CCl4

45
Q

Carcinogen in esophagus, stomach

A

Nitrosamines

46
Q

Carcinogen in laryngeal SCC, lung SCC, small cell CA, renal cell CA, transitional cell CA

A

Cigarette smoke

47
Q

Carcinogen in mesothelioma, bronchogenic CA

A

Asbestos

48
Q

Carcinogen in transitional cell CA

A

Naphthalene (aniline) dye

49
Q

Carcinogen in leukemia

A

Alkylating agents

50
Q

Assoc CA w/ liver fluke

A

cholangioCA

51
Q

Assoc CA w/ PUD

A

Gastric adenoCA

MALT lymphoma

52
Q

Assoc CA w/ hepatitis

A

hepatocellular CA

53
Q

Assoc CA w/ Mononucleosis

A

B-cell NHL, HL, nasopharyngeal CA, Burkitt’s lymphoma

54
Q

Assoc CA w/ AIDS

A

Primary CNS lymphoma

Kaposi sarcoma

55
Q

Assoc CA w/ chronic cystitis 2ndary to schistosomiasis

A

Bladder carcinoma

56
Q

MOA of cachexia

A

Increased TNF-alpha

suppresses appetite center and dec oxidation of FA

57
Q

Syndrome that has distant effects of a tumor unrelated to mets; may involve ectopic secretion of hormone

A

Paraneoplastic syndrome

58
Q

Underlying CA in Cushing Syndrome

A

Small cell Ca of the lung
Pancreatic Ca
Neural tumors

59
Q

Underlying CA in SIADH

A

Small cell Ca of lung

60
Q

Underlying CA in hyperCa

A

SCC of the lung
Breast CA
Renal CA
(d/t PTHrP)

61
Q

Underlying CA in carcinoid syndrome

A

Hepatocellular CA
Bronchial adenoma
Pancreatic CA
(d/t serotonin, braydkinin)

62
Q

Underlying CA in polycythemia

A

Gastric and renal CA
Cerebellar hemangioma
(d/t erythropoietin)

63
Q

Underlying CA in Lambert-Eaton myasthenia

A 
Lung CA
(d/t Abs to presynaptic Ca channel)
64
Q

Underlying CA in acanthosis nigricans

A

Visceral malignancies

d/t EGF

65
Q

Underlying CA in hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (clubbing)

A

Lung Ca

66
Q

Underlying CA in Trousseau syndrome

A

Pancreatic Ca
Lung Ca
(d/t mucin)

67
Q

Underlying CA in nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

A

Colon Ca

d/t hypercoagulability

68
Q

Underlying CA in red cell aplasia

A

Thymoma

69
Q

Underlying CA in nephrotic syndrome

A

HL
Lung Ca
(d/t immune complexes)

70
Q

Electrolyte abN’s in tumor lysis syndrome

A

HyperK
HyperP, HypoCa
Hyperuricemia

71
Q

Cancers with brain mets

Lots of Bad Stuff Kill Glia

A 
Lungs
Breast
Skin (melanoma)
Kidney (renal cell Ca)
GI
72
Q

Cancers with liver mets

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

A 
Colon
Stomach
Pancreas
Breast
Lung
73
Q

Cancers w/ bone mets

PTT Barnum Loves Kids

A 
Prostate (blastic)
Thyroid (follicular)
Testes
Breast (both lytic and blastic)
Lung (lytic)
Kidney
74
Q

B-Hcg is a tumor marker for:

A

H-mole
ChorioCa
Gestational trophoblastic tumor

75
Q

Tumor marker for hairy cell leukemia

A

(TRAP the HAIRY animal)

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)

76
Q

Mutation in EWS gene, chr 22

A

Ewing Sarcoma

77
Q

4 cancers arising from malignant rransformation

A

Mature teratoma
Melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Thyroid carcinoma

Pathology (F) (20 decks)

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