Transdermal Delivery

Question 1

Skin is composed of _____ and _____?

Answer 1

outer EPIdermis and inner DERMIS

Question 2

The is cushioned on what ?

Answer 2

Fatty subcutaneous tissue

Question 3

The subcutaneous fat layer is also called?

Answer 3

hypodermis and is several mm thick

Question 4

The structure of the epidermis is made up of what 6 components?

Answer 4

Stratum corneum 
Stratum lucidum 
Stratum granulosum 
Stratum spinosum 
Stratum basale
Dermis 
(listed oldest to youngest)

Question 5

Which layer has keratinocytes and other specialized cells such as melanocytes and langerhans cells?

Answer 5

Basal Layer

Question 6

Which cells are the major antigen-presenting cells of the skin?

Answer 6

Langerhans cells

Question 7

What is considered the INNER LAYER of viable cells?

Answer 7

Stratum germinativum (or stratum basale or basal layer)

Question 8

What is considered the OUTER LAYER of viable cells?

Answer 8

stratum corneum (about 10 μm when dry; 10-15 cell layers), or horny layer

Question 9

The dermis may be typically ____ thick?

Answer 9

3 to 5 mm

Question 10

The Dermis (corium) is a matrix of what?

Answer 10

connective tissue with blood vessels, nerves, sweat glands and origin of hair follicles

Question 11

Sebaceous glands empty into ____ and secrete _____?

Answer 11

• follicles to form PILOSEBACEOUS unit

- sebum which lubricates skin surface and maintains surface and maintains surface pH around 5.0.

Question 12

What varies from about 50 to 250 follicles per sq. cm. of skin?

Answer 12

Follicle density

Question 13

What 2 surfaces are hairless?

Answer 13

palmar and plantar surfaces

Question 14

What are the 2 delivery systems for drugs applied to the skin?

Answer 14

• topical delivery

- transdermal delivery

Question 15

Which system uses skin as a route of administration for systemic delivery?

Answer 15

Transdermal Delivery

Question 16

Name 4 conventional dermatological formulations.

Answer 16

Lotions
Gels
Ointments
Creams

Question 17

What are the benefits of oral drug delivery? (2)

Answer 17

• Absence of first pass metabolism

- Sustained effect possible

Question 18

What are the benefits of IV drug delivery? (2)

Answer 18

• Non-invasive

- Ease of self administration and termination

Question 19

What are the benefits of PK drug delivery? (2)

Answer 19

• reduced systemic exposure

- reduced adverse effects

Question 20

Name the 6 factors that affect percutaneous absorption. ***

Answer 20

1. Drug conc./ solu. in vehicle
2. partition coefficient
3. surface area
4. skin hydration and temp.
5. the site of application
6. penetration enhancers

Question 21

What are the 2 types of transdermal systems?

Answer 21

• Drug Reservoir Membrane modulated systems

- Drug-in -adhesive diffusion-controlled systems