Biotechnology Flashcards
_____ is an exact copy of human hormone or other protein
first generation biopharmaceutical agent
_____ agent that is engineered
second generation biopharmaceutical agent
What are the options for second generation?
- gene is altered before being transferred
- final product is manipulated
What are some examples of second generation final product manipulation? (3)
- alter amino acid sequence
- carbohydrate residue
- covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol
____ the protein is specifically design to perform some function
third generation biopharmaceutical agent
______ means a virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, vaccine, blood, blood component or derivative, allergenic product, protein
biological product
_______ substances produced in living systems by biotechnology and used for therapeutic or in vivo diagnostic purposes.
biopharmaceutical
______ any technique that uses living organisms (or part of) in the production or modification of products.
biotechnology
Why is there such a large growth in protein therapeutics? (4)
o Increases in research and development spending
o Advances in technology
o Patent expirations
o Rising competition
Challenges related to biopharmaceutical agents: (5)
- refrigeration
- methods for production, formulation, analysis, etc
- different pharmacokinetics
- immune response
- production must be sufficient quantity
- cost
Peginterferon alfa-2b (agent is interferon) (4)
- Used to treat Hep C (interferon remains in the body longer)
- Protects from enzyme degradation
- Slows filtration through kidneys
- Prevents antibody formation
What are some advantage of peglylation: (6)
- Increase solubility
- Reduces frequency of dosing
- Extends circulation time
- Increase stability
- Protects from enzymes
- Allow for companies to extend patent protection
T/F Therapeutic Proteins/Peptides CAN be administered orally
FALSE: can not because they are proteins and peptides (enzymes in the GI tract would destroy them)
What are the routes of administration for therapeutic proteins/peptides?
- parenterally
- intranasal
- topical
- pulmonary
Where are MOST therapeutic proteins administered?
parenterally
