Solutions

Question 1

Advantages of solutions (4)

Answer 1

• can be used externally
• drugs absorbed in dissolved state
• easily adjusted
• convenient for those unable to swallow solid dosage

Question 2

Disadvantages of solutions (4)

Answer 2

• hard to do taste masking
• drug may not be stable
• bulky and heavy
• dose measurement inaccurate

Question 3

Ways to make purified water (3)

Answer 3

• distillation
• ion exchange resin
• reverse osmosis

Question 4

What method?
Cation and Anion exchangers used successively or simultaneously to remove both cations and anions from water (uses demineralized or deionized water)

Answer 4

Ion-exchange method

Question 5

solubility vs. saturated solution
Concentration of solute in a saturated solution
at a certain temperature

Answer 5

solubility

Question 6

solubility vs. saturated solution
Has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible
at a given temperature

Answer 6

saturated solution

Question 7

The U. S. Pharmacopeia and National Formulary lists the solubility of drugs as the number of _______ of solvent in which ____ of solute will dissolve.

Answer 7

milliliters; 1 gram

Question 8

Alcohol is a widely used solvent, but has ____ at concentrations greater than 15%

Answer 8

preservative

Question 9

What are some examples of commonly used solvents? (3)

Answer 9

• glycerin
• propylene glycol (PG)
• PEG 400

Question 10

______ is a 85% solution of sucrose in purified water

Answer 10

simple syrup

Question 11

Concentrated sugar solutions are……

Answer 11

resistant to microbial growth–> generally no preservative needed

Question 12

T/F Sucrose can be replaced in whole or in part by other sugars

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

T/F The characteristic viscosity and sweetness of syrup can mask the taste of added medicinal agents

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

How can syrups be prepared? (3)

Answer 14

• solution with heat
• agitation without heat
• percolation

Question 15

percolation

Answer 15

a column with sucrose and liquid is passed through to dissolve the sucrose

Question 16

Stability?
Dodecyl gallate; octyl gallate, propyl gallate;
BHA, BHT
Vitamin E

Answer 16

antioxidants-> prevent oxidation

Question 17

Stability?

Citric Acid and EDTA

Answer 17

cheating agents–> minimize metal effect

Question 18

Preservatives help to protect against_______

Answer 18

microbial contamination

Question 19

Elixir = _______ + _______

Answer 19

water + alcohol

Question 20

What can elixirs dissolve? (2)

Answer 20

• water soluble

- alcohol soluble

Question 21

_______ clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use

Answer 21

elixir

Question 22

_____ replace the ions/fluid lost by diarrhea

Answer 22

oral rehydration solutions

Question 23

nasal solutions are ____ to the nasal fluid and buffered to the normal pH range of 5.5 to 6.5

Answer 23

isotonic

Question 24

_____ glycerin is used in ear drops

Answer 24

anhydrous

Question 25

anhydrous

Answer 25

viscosity and removal of moisture (takes out water that may be in the ear)

Question 26

douches, enemas, gargles, mouth washes are all examples of ….

Answer 26

solutions

Question 27

T/F Solutions can be in a dry powder form then reconstituted for use within 7-14 days

Answer 27

TRUE