4.7 Organic Chemistry Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is crude oil?
A finite resource found in rocks
What is crude oil the remains of?
Ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud
What crude oil a mixture of?
A very large number of compounds which are mostly hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons made up of?
Hydrogen and carbon atoms
What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
What are the first four members of the alkanes?
Methane ethane propane butane
What is the general formula for the homologous series?
C2 + h wn+2
What does fractional distillation do in crude oil?
Separates many hydrocarbons in crude oil each of which contains molecules with similar number of carbon atoms
What can the fractions of hydrocarbons be used for?
Can be processed to produce fuels and feedstock for the petrochemical industry
What are some fuels produced by crude oil?
Petrol diesel oil kerosene heavy fuel oil liquified petroleum gas
What are some materials produced by the petrochemical industry?
Solvent’s lubricants polymers detergent
Why due the vast array of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur?
Due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds
What do the properties of hydrocarbons depend on?
The size of their molecules
What properties of hydrocarbons influence how hydrocarbons are used in fuels?
Boiling point viscosity and flammability
What changes with increasing molecular size in hydrocarbons?
Boiling point viscosity and flammability
What happens during the combustion of hydrocarbons fuels?
It releases energy and the carbon and hydrogen in the fuels are oxidised
What does the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produce?
Carbon dioxide and water
What can hydrocarbons be cracked into?
Smaller more useful molecules
How can cracking be done?
Catalytic cracking and steam cracking
What are the products of cracking?
Alkanes and alkanes
What is more reactive that’s alkanes and reacts with bromine water ?
Alkenes
What is the colour change when bromine water reacts with alkene?
Orange brown to colourless
What are alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbon which contains a carbon carbon double bond
What are alkenes used to produce?
Polymers and and as starting materials for the production of many other chemicals
