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World History > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What were the causes of the Renaissance?

A

Admired Greek and Roman civilization, wealthy merchants present to support arts, trade

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2
Q

What is perspective?

A

Gives paintings a 3D effect

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3
Q

What is the importance of the printing press

A

Easier to produce books, spread ideas and literacy

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4
Q

Where did the Renaissance start?

A

Italy

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5
Q

What is important about Michelangelo, da Vinci, and Raphael

A

Famous artists

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6
Q

Who was Machiavelli and why was he important

A

Wrote the prince about how to be a good leader better to be feared than loved

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7
Q

Who started the Protestant Reformation

A

Martin Luther

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8
Q

What were the results of the Protestant Reformation

A

Questioning of authority, religious wars, Catholic Church lost power, new protestant religions

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9
Q

What were the beliefs of Martin Luther

A

Against selling of indulgences, salvation gained through faith alone

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10
Q

How did the Catholic Church respond to the reformation

A

Reformed themselves, reaffirmed Catholic teachings

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11
Q

What was Henry the eighth’s role in the reformation

A

Formed church of England (Anglican church)

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12
Q

What were the beliefs of John Calvin

A

Predestination

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13
Q

What are indulgences

A

Purchasing forgiveness from sin

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14
Q

What were the 95 theses

A

Luthers criticisms/complaints of the Catholic Church

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15
Q

What were the major characteristics of the scientific revolution

A

Hypothesis, observation, experiment- used to criticize Catholic Church

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16
Q

What is Galileo known for

A

Said sun is center of universe

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17
Q

Why is Copernicus important

A

First person to advocate for sun centered universe

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18
Q

What contributions did Isaac newton make to science

A

Described laws of gravity

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19
Q

What is the heliocentric theory

A

Sun centered universe

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20
Q

What role did Portugal play in the age of exploration

A

led European exploration, great map makers

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21
Q

What role did Spain play in the age of exploration

A

Colonized Central and South America

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22
Q

What role did great Britain play in the age of expiration

A

Colonized and explored eastern North America

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23
Q

What advantages and technology made the age of exploration possible

A

Map making better ships, astrolabe and compass

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24
Q

What were the causes of the age of exploration

A

Causes: went overseas for religious reasons to get money, land, fame and fortune

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25
Q

What were the results of the age of exploration

A

Spread of diseases, new lands discovered slave trade, new economic practices

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26
Q

What were the achievements of Christopher Columbus

A

Claiming new lands for Spain in the Americas

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27
Q

What was the main achievement of Ferdinand Magellans crew

A

Circumnavigated the world

28
Q

What is the Columbian exchange

A

Trading goods people animals ideas between Africa and America and Europe

29
Q

Define circumnavigation

A

Sailing around the world

30
Q

Who was Hernando Cortes and why was he important

A

A conquistador who conquered the Aztecs

31
Q

Who was Francisco pizarro and why was he important

A

A conquistador who conquered the incas

32
Q

What is mercantilism

A

Economic system emphasized building up of gold supply, having colonies, more exports than imports

33
Q

Who was king Afonso and why was he important

A

African king opposed to slave trade

34
Q

What is the middle passage

A

Slave passage between Africa and America

35
Q

Which continent with most negatively impacted by the slave trade

A

Africa

36
Q

What is the triangular trade

A

Trade link between Africa, Americas, Europe

37
Q

What advantage did the Spanish conquistadors have over the American Indians

A

Weaponry, horses, immunity to some diseases

38
Q

What were the main ideas of enlightenment thought

A

Freedom of thought in religion, idea of social contract, belief in natural rights

39
Q

What did John Locke believe

A

Enlightenment philosopher, believer in natural rights life liberty, property

40
Q

What did Thomas Hobbes believe

A

Enlightenment philosopher, property rights, people should give up liberty in exchange for security

41
Q

What did Jean Jacques Rousseau believe

A

Enlightenment thinker, believed in the general will of people (majority rule is best)

42
Q

What did Voltaire believe

A

Enlightenment philosopher, believe in freedom of speech and religion, imprisoned for his views

43
Q

What is meant by natural rights

A

Rights people are born with

44
Q

What is meant by laissez faire

A

Minimal government regulation of the economy

45
Q

What were the causes of the French revolution

A

Enlightenment ideas, food shortages, economic problems

46
Q

Which estate paid the most in taxes in pre-Revolutionary France

A

Third

47
Q

Know the order of the following events: execution of Louis the 16th, fall of Napoleon, reign of terror, tennis court oath, storming of the Bastille

A
  1. Tennis court oath
  2. Storming of the Bastille
  3. Execution of Louis XVI
  4. Reign of terror
  5. Fall of Napoleon
48
Q

Nationalism

A

Pride in one’s nation

49
Q

Republic

A

Government where officials are chosen by the people

50
Q

What were the legacies of Napoleon

A

Code of laws (napoleonic code), ideas of nationalism in metric system, Bank of France, roads and bridges

51
Q

Describe Napoleon’s military conquests and defeats

A

Victorious in central and southern Europe, defeated by Russia and Britain (britain= always enemy)

52
Q

What was the Congress of Vienna and what were its goals

A

Established balance of power in Europe, Limited nationalism in France, protected monarchy

53
Q

What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution and why did it begin in Great Britain

A

Had natural resources, technology, and money for investment

54
Q

What is the importance of the enclosure movement

A

Farmers lost land and move to city, workers worked in British factories

55
Q

What were the effects of urbanization

A

Crowded, disease ridden, pollution

56
Q

What were the working conditions of the laborers like

A

Unsafe, long hours, low wages

57
Q

Describe the advances in technology during the Industrial Revolution

A

Electricity, transportation, communication

58
Q

What was Darwins theory of evolution

A

Common ancestor for life, survival of the fittest, adaptation to the environment

59
Q

How did Darwins theory of evolution influence of social Darwinism

A

Certain races and wealthy were more fit than others

60
Q

Suffrage

A

Right to vote

61
Q

Standard of living

A

How well a country lives

62
Q

what were the ideas/beliefs of Karl Marx?

A

Workers would revolt and form a classless society, government would either away

63
Q

How did working conditions improve for workers?

A

formed labor unions, anti-child labor laws, pensions

64
Q

Impressionism

A

Attempt to capture first impression of an object, side by side brush strokes, no blending

65
Q

Realism

A

Poetry world as it is, harsh city life, slums

66
Q

Romanticism

A

Rebellion against enlightenment, glorified nature and human emotion

World History (13 decks)

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