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Zach's Physiology Card > Lecture 5, General Sensory Information > Flashcards

Lecture 5, General Sensory Information Flashcards

1
Q

What are types of special senses?

A
  • visions
  • hearing
  • smell
  • taste
  • equilibrium
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2
Q

Where do exteroreceptive sensations originate from?

A
  • surface of the body
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3
Q

What type of sensations refer to the physical state of the body?

A

-proprioceptive sensations

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4
Q

What type of sensations can be categorized as proprioceptive?

A
  • body position
  • muscle and tendon sensation
  • pressure
  • equilibrium
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5
Q

What type of sense is stimulated by mechanical displacement of body tissue, that includes tactile and position?

A

-mechanoreceptive somatic senses

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6
Q

What is the primary sensory neuron ascending pathway?

A
  1. Starts at external receptors
  2. Travels through dorsal root of spinal cord
  3. Synapse with secondary neurons
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7
Q

What is the pathway of secondary sensory neurons (ascending)?

A
  1. these form tracts in the spinal cord and brain stem
  2. Normally terminate in thalamus
  3. Also synapse with the tertiary neurons
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8
Q

What is a tertiary sensory neuron ascending pathway?

A
  1. Travels from the thalamus to primary sensory cortex

2. Then travel through the internal capsule

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9
Q

Which ascending pathways are used for conscious perception?

A
  1. Spinothalamic system

2. Medial Lemniscal system

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10
Q

Which ascending pathways are used for unconscious perception?

A
  1. Spinocerebellar
  2. Spino-olivary
  3. Spinotectal
  4. Spinoreticular
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11
Q

The ascending pathways consist of three-neuron pathways to get from the external receptor to the primary sensory cortex. How much truth is there to this statement?

A

Not much as a majority of interneurons and other components are being excluded for simplicity

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12
Q

What type of information is carried in the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A
  1. Pain

2. Temperature

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13
Q

How many spinal cord segments do primary fibers of the lateral spinothalamic tract ascend or descend before synapsing with secondary fibers?

A

1-2 fibers

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14
Q

What regions do the secondary axons of the lateral spinothalamic tract decussate through?

A

Anterior gray and white commissures

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15
Q

In what region of the spinal cord does the lateral spinothalamic tract travel?

A

Lateral column of the spinal cord, formed by secondary axons

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16
Q

What information does the trigeminothalamic tract carry?

A

Pain and temperature from face and teeth

17
Q

True/False
Secondary fiber collaterals of the lateral spinothalamic tract project to reticular formation stimulate wakefulness and consciousness.

A

True

18
Q

Where do the secondary and tertiary fibers of the lateral spinothalamic tract synapse?

A

The ventral posterolateral (VPL) nucleus of thalamus

19
Q

Where do the tertiary fibers of the the lateral spinothalamic tract synapse?

A
  1. Postcentral gyrus

- this corresponds to somatic sensory areas 1,2,3

20
Q

What type of information is carried by the anterior spinothalamic tract?

A
  1. Light touch (crude)
  2. Pressure
  3. Tickle
  4. Itch
21
Q

How many spaces can a primary neuron skip before connecting with seccondary neurons of the anterior spinothalamic tracts?

A

Skip 8-10 spinal cord segments

22
Q

Where do fibers of the anterior spinothalamic tract decussate at?

A

Anterior gray or white commissures

23
Q

Where do the secondary and tertiary fibers synapse, of the anterior spinothalamic tract?

A

Ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

24
Q

Where do the tertiary fibers of the anterior spinothalamic tract ascend to synapse at?

A

Ascend through the internal capsule to the primary sensory cortex.

25
Q

What information does the medial lemniscus system carry?

A

Sensation for two-point sensation (fine-touch) pressure and vibration

26
Q

What is the pathway of primary neurons of the medial lemniscus system to the synapse with secondary neurons?

A

Primary ascend the length of spinal cord.

-synapse in the medulla at the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

27
Q

What region of sensation do the fibers of the fasciculus gracilis and nucleus gracilis relay?

A

This synapse relays information inferior to the midthoracic level

28
Q

Fibers of the medial lemniscus system that has the synapse of fasciculus cuneatus and nucleus cuneatus convey sensation from what region of the body?

A

Superior to the midthoracic level

- proprioceptive sensation of arms to cerebellum

29
Q

Where is the synapse of the secondary and tertiary neurons of the medial lemniscus system?

A

Ventral posterolateral region of the thalamus

30
Q

The primary somatosensory area is formed by what areas?

A
  1. Brodmann’s area 1, 2, 3
31
Q

Brodmann’s areas 5 and 7 make up what region?

A

Somatosensory association area.

32
Q

What information is received in the somatosensory area I?

A

Information from:

  • thigh
  • thorax
  • neck
  • shoulder
  • hand, fingers
  • tongue
  • intra abdominal region
33
Q

What information is collected from somatosensory area II?

A
  • leg
  • arm
  • face
34
Q

Where does the somatosensory area II receive information from?

A
  • brain stem, which transmits signals upwards from both sides of body,
  • also receives information from somatosensory area I.
35
Q

The superficial layers of the somatosensory cortex, layers I and II receive signals from where?

A

Input signal from lower brain centers

36
Q

Layers II and III of somatosensory cortex receive what type of information?

A

Send information across corpus callosum to other hemisphere

37
Q

Where do layers V and VI send information?

A

Layer V: information to basal nuclei, brain stem, and spinal cord

Layer VI: information to thalamus

38
Q

Add in where layer IV sends information to!

A

Huh?

39
Q

What type of information is collected by somatic senses from all over the body?

A
  • received by mechanoreceptors
  • thermoreceptors
  • pain
  • -these are from external sources

Zach's Physiology Card (25 decks)

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