Chapter 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

• To “cut up” or dissect
• Study of internal and external structures
• Study of relationship among body parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Study of how living organisms perform the functions essential to life

Question 3

All ______ are performed by ______

• 2 examples

Answer 3

• specific functions; specific structures

* red blood cells and thick and thin filaments

Question 4

Levels of organization (6)

Answer 4

1. Chemical level
2. Cellular level
3. Tissue level
4. Organ level
5. Organ system level
6. Organism level

Question 5

Chemical level

Answer 5

Atoms combine to form molecules

Question 6

Cellular level

Answer 6

Molecules work together to form structural and functional components of cells

Question 7

Tissue level

Answer 7

Groups of cells working together to perform 1 or more specific functions

Question 8

Organ level

Answer 8

2 or more tissues working together to perform 1 or more specific functions

Question 9

Organ system level
• definition
• example

Answer 9

Multiple organs working together

• Heart + blood + blood vessels

Question 10

Organism level

Answer 10

Highest level of organization

Question 11

Homeostasis

Answer 11

The existence of a stable internal environment

Question 12

Homeostatic regulation

Answer 12

Adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

Question 13

What happens if homeostasis is not maintained?

Answer 13

Results in illness/death

Question 14

Three components to homeostasis

Answer 14

1. receptor
2. control center
3. effector

Question 15

Receptor
•what does it do
•what does it sense
• what does it receive

Answer 15

• serves as a sensor
• Senses environmental change = stimulus
• receives stimulus

Question 16

Negative feedback
•what happens
•does activity oppose or enhance stimulus
• common or uncommon
• example

Answer 16

• variations trigger a response to correct the problem
• activity tends to oppose the stimulus
• most common type
• regulatory control
• thermoregulation

Question 17

Positive feedback
•what happens
• does activity oppose of enhance stimulus
• common or uncommon
• 2 example

Answer 17

• stimulus produces a response that increases change
• enhance stimulus
• Does not really occur because response takes body away from homeostasis
• milk-let down reflex, blood clotting

Question 18

Milk-let down reflex

•5 steps

Answer 18

1. Receptor: receptors in nipples stimulated
2. Impulses propagated to spinal cord
3. Control center: stimulation of hypothalamic nuclei
4. Oxytocin released
5. Effector: milk is ejected