sleep Apnoea and neuromuscular respiratory disease Flashcards

1
Q

what is sleep apnoea syndrome

A

recurrent upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea during sleep

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2
Q

define hypopnea

A

reduction of airflow

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3
Q

what is microarousals

A

partial awakening from sleep

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4
Q

what is the epworth questionnaire

A

questionnaire on sleep

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5
Q

what does an oximetry test show

A

oxygen saturation drops

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6
Q

what is a polysomnography

A

shows ECG recording overnight

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7
Q

what is treatment for sleep apnoea

A

identify exacerbating factors

continuous positive airways pressure CPAP

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8
Q

what does CPAP do

A

creates positive pressure in throat to keep tissues apart

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9
Q

what is cataplexy

A

strong emotion or laughter causes a person to suffer sudden physical collapse though remaining conscious.

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10
Q

what are hypnagogic hallucinations

A

visual or sensory events that are usually breif and occur at the transition from wakefulness to sleep or sleep to wakefulness

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11
Q

what is the treatment for narcolepsy

A

modafinil
clomipramine for cataplexy
sodium oxybate (xyrem)

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12
Q

what are the stats for chronic ventilatory failure

A

elevated pCO2

pO2

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13
Q

if a patient has chronic ventilatory failure will their blood pH be normal

A

yes

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14
Q

why is there elevated bicarbonate levels in patients that have chronic ventilatory failure

A

as the body trys to adapt by releasing bicarbonate from the kidneys

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15
Q

what is a thoracoplasy

A

operation used for TB take away ribs

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16
Q

is TB a viral or bacterial infectin

A

bacterial

17
Q

what are symptoms of chronic ventilatory failure

A
breathlessness
orthopnoea
ankle swelling
morning headache
recurrent chest infections
disturbed sleep
18
Q

define orthopnoea

A

breathless lying flat

19
Q

why do patients with chronic ventilatory failure commonly get headaches in the morning

A

may be result of CO2 retention overnight. (co2 is a vasodilator,lead to cerebral dilatation which gives headaches)

20
Q

why is it dangerous to give some patients with chronic ventilatory failure oxygen

A

switches off ventilatory drive and makes things worse

21
Q

how long will a new born typically sleep in a day

A

16-18h

22
Q

how long will an infant at 6 months typically sleep

A

14-15h with 1/2 naps during the day

23
Q

how long will a 2 year old typically sleep

A

12h with 1 daytime nap

24
Q

who has more lymphoid tissue children or adults

A

children

25
Q

how can you asses a child’s sleep

A

direct behavioral observation
time lapse video
movement sensors in bed
o2/co2 monitoring

26
Q

what is a polysomnography

A

records your brain waves, the oxygen level in your blood, heart rate and breathing, as well as eye and leg movements during the study.

27
Q

what does enuresis mean

A

involuntary urination especially at night

28
Q

when does napping and enuresis become abnormal in children

A

after 3-5 years old

29
Q

is it normal for a 1 year old to sleep 8 h at night and not nap

A

not normal

30
Q

how is sleep effected in cerebral palsy

A

fragmented sleep

delayed onset

31
Q

how is sleep effected in Downs syndrome

A

OSAS occurs

32
Q

how is sleep effected in Prader Willi syndrome

A

excessive daytime sleepiness